【摘要】 目的 探讨眼轴长度、角膜屈光力对准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术(photorefractive keratectomy,PRK)疗效的影响。方法 应用美国Keracor-117型准分子激光仪对80例(121只眼)近视患者进行治疗。按眼轴(axail ength,AL)及角膜屈光力(keratometric value,KV)进行分组:1组49只眼,AL>26 mm, KV≤45 D;2组36只眼,AL≤26 mm, KV>45 D;3组36只眼,AL≤26 mm, KV≤45 D。同时对手术后的结果进行分析。结果 术后平均裸眼视力为1.05±0.31,3组间比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。术后裸眼视力≥0.5者,1组与2、3组间比较差异有显著性(χ2=6.30,P<0.05)。多元线性回归和相关分析显示眼轴增长为影响术后视力提高的不利因素,而角膜屈光力增加为影响术后视力的有利因素。结论 PRK治疗近视是一种安全、有效的方法,但当近视度数相同时,以角膜屈光力增加为主的近视其术后效果优于以眼轴增长为主的近视。
Analysis of influence of axial length and keratometric value on the curative effects of excimer laser photorefracive keratectomy for myopia
DING Jie, SHEN Wei, LI longbiao, et al.
(Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital , Suzhou Medical College, Suzhou 215006, China)
【Abstract】 Objective To evaluate the influence of axial length (AL) and keratometric value (KV) on the curative effects of excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for myopia.Method A Keracor-17 excimer laser was used to treat 80 patients (121 eyes) with myopia. The cases were divided into three groups according to the AL and KV: The first group AL>26 mm, KV≤45 D, 49 eyes; the second group AL ≤26 mm, KV > 45 D, 36 eyes; the third group AL ≤26 mm, KV ≤45 D, 36 eyes. The curative effects were investigated. ResultsThe mean uncorrected visual acuity was 1.05±0.31, which had no significant difference among three groups (P>0.05). The cases with uncorrected visual acuity ≥0.5 had significant difference between the first and the second group and between the first and the third group (χ2=6.30,P<0.05). Multiple linear regression and correlative analysis showed that the increase in ocular axis was an unfavorable factor to visual acuity, while the increase in keratometric value was a favorable factor to visual acuity. Conclusion PRK for treatment of myopia is an effective and safe refractive surgery. When the myopic degrees are identical, the postoperative outcome of myopia with increase in keratometric value as the main pathogeny is better than the myopia with increase in axial length as the main pathogeny.
【Key words】 Keratectomy, photorefractive excimer laser; Myopia
准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术(photorefractive keratectomy,PRK)治疗近视在国内外已广泛开展,并显示了其良好的安全、稳定及可预测性。国内外文献在评价PRK疗效时,多以近视程度为依据分组评价,而未见以造成近视的主要原因如眼轴长度、角膜屈光力等为依据分组进行评价。为此,我们试图通过不同途径分析了解PRK疗效,以期对PRK手术的进一步开展和研究提供参考。
资料与方法
1.对象:按屈光度成比例随机抽取1996年3月至1998年3月在我院接受PRK术治疗的近视患者,且随访≥6个月,近视度数≥-4.00 D、≤-10.00 D,资料完整者80例(121只 眼),其中男37例(53只眼),女43例(68只 眼);年龄18~43岁,平均(26.85±6.83)岁。术前近视屈光度-4.00~-10.00 D,平均 (-7.26±1.53)D;近视散光为0.50~2.50 D,平均(0.84±0.67)D。术前最佳矫正视力均≥1.0。选择行PRK术病例的条件同王造文等[1]报道。随访时间6~28个月,平均(11.53±5.19)个月。
2.分组:根据眼轴长度和角膜屈光力进行分组。1组:眼轴长度>26 mm,角膜屈光力≤45.00 D者31例(49只眼),其中男15例(25只眼),女16例(24只眼)。2组:眼轴长度≤26 mm,角膜屈光力>45.00 D者26例(36只眼),其中男10例(14只眼),女16例(22只眼)。3组:眼轴长度≤26 mm,角膜屈光力≤45.00 D者28例(36只眼),其中男11例(14只眼),女17例(22只眼)。在80例(121只眼)中,有2只眼分属不同组,故各组例数和多于总例数。
3.检查:手术前后行裸眼和矫正视力、屈光度、裂隙灯显微镜、眼底、非接触眼压、中央角膜厚度、角膜屈光力、角膜地形图及眼轴超声测量等检查。
4.方法:采用美国Keracor-117型准分子激光治疗仪,激光波长193 nm,能量密度180 mJ/cm2,脉冲频率10Hz。光斑类型:多区域, 最大切削直径为7 mm,每一脉冲切削深度为0.25 μm。均采用一次性切削。术前对患者充分讲解、训练以取得合作。术时先行表面麻醉,令其注视指示光源,用标记环确定角膜中央直径7.0 mm的上皮刮除区,用钝头月形刀机械刮除角膜上皮。输入预定的屈光参数后发射激光进行切削。术毕局部涂氟嗪酸及可的松眼膏,眼垫包扎术眼,术后1及3 d换药,待角膜上皮愈合后开始局部滴用0 .1%氟米龙眼液,每日4次,1个月后逐渐减少次数,一般滴用4个月。分别于术后1、 3、7 d和1、3、6、12及24个月进行复查。
5.统计学处理:均数的显著性检验用方差分析F检验,有统计学意义时,各组间比较用q检验,率、构成比用行×列表χ2检验,用回归及多元回归行线性分析。
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