作者:蒋自培,胡赛静,徐建国,孔丽萍,吴文栩,瞿佳 作者单位:1.温州医学院附属第一医院 眼科,浙江 温州 325000;2.温州医学院附属眼视光学院,浙江 温州 325027
【摘要】 目的 探讨人骨髓间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)分化为角膜上皮细胞的可塑性及可行性。方法 20只日本大耳白兔随机分为对照组和实验组,每组10只,右眼为实验眼。实验组:将人MSCs接种在人羊膜上培养4 d后移植到兔角膜缘干细胞缺损的动物模型;对照组:仅采用羊膜移植到兔角膜缘干细胞缺损的动物模型。分别于移植后第1、第2、第3、第4和第6周,摘取各组眼球,分别行HE和PAS染色、单克隆抗体AE1和PCNA染色、透射电镜和扫描电镜检查。结果 人MSCs接种到羊膜后能在羊膜上生长,与羊膜共培养4 d后,人MSCs贴附羊膜生长迅速,组织学特征无明显改变。羊膜负载人MSCs移植到兔角膜基质表面,角膜表层细胞PAS染色呈阴性,AE1和PCNA染色呈阳性,具有典型的上皮细胞形态;而对照组PAS染色呈阳性,AE1和PCNA染色呈阴性。超微结构观察可见,实验组电镜下可见微绒毛、桥粒和张力丝等典型上皮细胞结构,而对照组未见以上明显特征。结论 羊膜负载人MSCs移植到兔眼表角膜基质后,MSCs能存活、增殖并向角膜上皮样细胞分化。
【关键词】 骨髓间充质干细胞;角膜上皮细胞;分化
Study of the transdifferentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in the surface of the cornea of a rabbit model with limbal stem cell deficiency
JIANG Zipei, HU Saijing, XU Jianguo, et al.
Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated First Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou China, 325000 [Abstract]Objective To explore the plasticity and feasibility of the transdifferentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into corneal epithelial cells. Methods Twenty Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into 2 groups, 10 rabbits for each group; the right eye was the experimental eye. Human MSCs combined with amniotic membrane were transplanted onto the eyes of the experimental animals, and the controls were transplanted with the amniotic membrane only. The MSCs were cultured on human amniotic membrane for 4 days, then the cells were transplanted onto the surface of the cornea of rabbits with limbal stem cell deficiency. The eyeballs were removed after 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 weeks. The growth and differentiation of human MSCs were observed with HE and PAS staining, monoclonal antibodies with AE1 and PCNA staining, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Results When the human MSCs cultured on amniotic membrane were transplanted onto the surface of the cornea of the rabbits, the cells can adhere to human amniotic membrane and grow rapidly, showing no obvious change in histology. The cells of the corneal surface layer of the experimental group were negative to PAS staining and positive to AE1 and PCNA staining in the monoclonal antibodies, as revealed by immunohistochemical examination. In contrast, they were positive in PAS staining and negative in AE1 and PCNA staining in the controls. Compared to the control group, typical epithelium cells with large quantities of microvilli, desmosomes and tonofilaments were observed under the electron microscope in the experimental group. Conclusion The data suggests that when human amniotic membrane with MCSs is transplanted into the rabbit model with limbal stem cell deficiency, the MSCs can survive, proliferate and differentiate into corneal epithelium-like cells.
[Key words]mesenchymal stem cell; corneal epithelial cell; transdifferentiation
角膜上皮再生的来源是角膜缘干细胞,角膜缘干细胞的缺失会导致严重的眼表疾病。采用自体或同种异体角膜缘移植,可在一定程度上重建眼表,但因供体来源不足及异体移植引起的排斥反应而受限;而单纯羊膜移植重建眼表,因缺乏发展为角膜上皮细胞的角膜缘干细胞则不能治疗严重的眼表损伤。组织工程技术的发展为解决这一问题带来了希望。最近研究发现,骨髓间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)是成人骨髓中存在着的多潜能性干细胞[1],在体外不同条件下可以被定向地诱导分化为心肌细胞、脂肪细胞、上皮细胞、内皮细胞、神经细胞、骨、软骨、肌键及骨髓基质等不同细胞[2-3],这类细胞来源确切、充足,取材方便,避免了胚胎干细胞可能存在的伦理问题,并且具有免疫赦免的特性[4],可为角膜缘干细胞缺损的患者提供良好的材料来源。人MSCs在体内是否能够分化为角膜上皮细胞,国内外少见报道。因此,我们对人MSCs向角膜上皮细胞的分化潜能做一些初步的研究,从而探讨人MSCs作为构建组织工程化角膜的种子细胞的可行性。
1 材料和方法
1.1 材料
1.1.1 实验动物
健康成年日本大耳白兔20只,雌雄不分,体重2.0~3.0 kg(温州医学院实验动物中心提供)。
1.1.2 人MSCs
人MSCs由温州医学院附属第一医院科研所提供,细胞鉴定采用流式细胞仪检测细胞表面标志CD44、CD90及CD147为阳性,CD34、CD38、CD45及HLA2 DR均为阴性;培养细胞可体外诱导成脂肪细胞、上皮细胞和成骨细胞等。据此可以证实所供细胞为人MSCs。
1.1.3 羊膜
羊膜来自于我院剖宫产产妇的新鲜胎盘,孕妇产前排除乙肝、丙肝、爱滋病和梅毒等传染性疾病。在无菌条件下,用含有双抗和二性霉素B的PBS处理后将其贴附于硝酸纤维素膜上,并剪成2.0 cm×2.0 cm大小,放入含有甘油+DMEM培养基(V/V,1∶1)的大口无菌瓶中,密封后放入-20℃的冰箱冷冻保存以备用。
1.1.4 仪器和试剂
1.1.4.1 主要仪器
荧光显微镜(TE300,Nikon,日本),透射电子显微镜(JEOL-1230型,日本),扫描电子显微镜(XT-30,荷兰)。
1.1.4.2 主要试剂
AE1,特异性识别一组酸性角蛋白的鼠单克隆抗体(一抗,美国纽约大学TT Sun教授馈赠);Mouse Anti-PCNA,抗增殖细胞核抗原鼠单克隆抗体(一抗,武汉博士德公司);FITC标记的羊抗鼠单克隆抗体IgG(二抗,武汉博士德公司); SABC-FITC免疫荧光试剂盒(武汉博士德公司);SABC即用型免疫组化试剂盒(美国 Sigma公司)。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 MSCs接种
无菌条件下将2.0 cm×2.0 cm大小的羊膜按上皮面朝上铺于6孔培养板中,取人MSCs细胞,接种于铺好的羊膜表面中,培养4 d后移植到实验兔角膜基质表面。
1.2.2 动物模型的制作及MSCs和羊膜移植术
20只白兔随机分为实验组和对照组,每组10只,右眼为实验眼。实验兔于全麻下常规洗眼,消毒铺巾,开睑器开睑,用剃须刀环行去除深度约100~150 ?滋m,宽度约4 mm角巩膜缘组织,并刮除全部表层角膜上皮细胞,尽量保持基底面光滑。
实验组:培养有MSCs的羊膜移植。将培养有人MSCs 4 d的羊膜以上皮面向下,覆盖到兔角膜缘干细胞缺损的动物模型的角膜基质层表面;10-0缝线环形作间断缝合,将羊膜固定于巩膜浅层,然后将球结膜缝回至羊膜边缘。
对照组:单纯羊膜移植。将羊膜移植到兔角膜缘干细胞缺损的动物模型的角膜基质表面,手术方法同实验组。
1.2.3 动物处死、取材和切片制备
术后动物继续常规饲养,用裂隙灯显微镜观察,局部和全身均未给予任何药物,分别于术后第1、第2、第3、第4和第6周处死动物,每次2只,将兔眼在4%多聚甲醛溶液中固定,梯度酒精脱水,二甲苯透明,石蜡包埋,沿眼球前后径做连续切片,厚度为6 μm,置于经多聚赖氨酸处理的载玻片上备用。
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