作者:陈小璠,陈春林,叶剑 作者单位:第三军医大学大坪医院野战外科研究所 眼科,重庆 400042
【摘要】 目的 探讨超声乳化白内障手术不同切口对术后泪膜变化的影响。方法 行白内障超声乳化吸除术的非干眼患者54例(60眼),年龄为54~78岁。随机分为两组:A组28例(30眼),行透明角膜切口;B组26例(30眼),行巩膜隧道切口。两组的年龄、性别等差异无统计学意义,具有可比性。分别于术前,术后第1天、第7天、第14天、第30天、第90天对患者行干眼主观症状问卷调查、基础泪液分泌试验(Schirmer Ⅰ test,SIt)、泪膜破裂时间(break-up time,BUT) 和角膜荧光素染色(cornea fluorescein staining,CFS)检查。采用SPSS 10.0 统计软件,对数据进行卡方检验和t检验分析。结果 ①主观症状:术后第1天和第7天,患者干眼主观症状明显,B组干眼症状评分大于A组,差异有统计学意义(t= -6.208,-2.868;P<0.01);其他时间点两组的干眼症状评分差异无统计学意义(t=-1.643,-0.832,-0.281;P>0.05)。②SIt试验:术后第1天,SIt明显增加,B组SIt较A组长,差异有统计学意义(t=-2.916;P<0.01); 其他时间点两组SIt差异无统计学意义(t=-1.224,-1.189,-0.632,-1.031;P>0.05)。③BUT:术后第1天、第7天、第14天,BUT明显缩短,B组BUT较A组长, 差异有统计学意义(t=-3.719,-2.442,-2.507;P<0.05),其他时间点两组BUT差异无统计学意义(t=-0.800, 1.227;P>0.05)。④CFS评分:术后第1天、第7天、第14天,CFS评分增加,A组CFS评分大于B组,差异有统计学意义(t=3.478,3.261,2.466;P<0.05),其他时间点两组CFS评分差异无统计学意义(t=-0.382,1.227;P>0.05)。结论 术后早期,行巩膜隧道切口超声乳化白内障吸除术对泪膜稳定性的影响较小,但干眼症状重于行透明角膜切口的患者。术后晚期,两种切口对泪膜的影响无明显差异。
【关键词】 超声乳化白内障吸除术;透明角膜切口;巩膜隧道切口;泪膜
Effect of different incisions on tear film after phacoemulsification
CHEN Xiaofan, CHEN Chunlin, YE Jian.
Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Surgery Reseach,Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing China, 400042 [Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of different incisions on tear film after phacoemulsification. Methods Tear film was monitored in 54 patients (60 eyes) after phacoemulsification. Patients were divided into two groups according to the type of incision: group A (28 patients, 30 eyes) with a clear corneal incision and group B (26 patients, 30 eyes) with a sclerotic tunnel incision. Symptoms of dry eye, Schirmer Ⅰ test (SIt), break-up time (BUT), and cornea fluorescein staining (CFS) were observed at 3 days preoperatively and 1 day, 7 days 14 days, 30 days, and 90 days postoperatively. The results were analyzed using a ?字2 test and t-test with SPSS 10.0. Results ①There was a large increase in symptoms of dry eye at 1 day and 7 days postoperatively. The increase in group B was much greater than in group A and the difference was significant (t=-6.208, -2.868; P<0.01). However, there were no significant differences between the two groups at other times(t= -1.643, -0.832, -0.281; P>0.05). ②There was a large increase in SIt at 1 days postoperatively. The increase in group B was much greater than in group A and the difference was significant(t= -2.916; P<0.01). However, there were no significant differences between the two groups at other times(t=-1.224, -1.189, -0.632, -1.031; P>0.05). ③There was a large reduction in BUT at 1 day, 7 days, and 14 days postoperatively. The reduction was more prolonged in group B compared to group A and the difference between the two groups was significant(t=-3.719, -2.442, -2.507; P< 0.05). However, there were no significant differences between the two groups at other times (t=-0.800, 1.227; P>0.05).④There was a large increase in CSF at 1 day, 7 days, and 14 days postoperatively. There was a greater increase in group A compared to group B and the difference between the two groups was significant(t=3.478, 3.261, 2.466; P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences between the two groups at other times (t=-0.382, 1.227; P>0.05). Conclusion The stability of tear film in patients with scleral tunnel incisions is much better than in patients with clear corneal incisions but symptoms of dry eye are much more serious during the early postoperative period. There is no significant difference between the two groups during later postoperative periods.
[Key words] phacoemulsification; clear corneal incision; scleral tunnel incision; tear film
近年来的研究发现,部分眼部手术可影响术眼泪膜的生理功能,甚至导致发生干眼[1-3]。超声乳化白内障吸除术虽然以损伤小等优点在临床得到普遍开展,但经观察发现,部分术眼在术后出现干燥感、异物感、烧灼感等不适症状,甚至出现干眼。如何才能有效地降低超声乳化术后干眼的发生,有重要的临床研究意义。本研究观察了两种不同手术切口对非干眼患者超声乳化白内障吸除术后眼表泪膜功能的影响,现将结果报告如下。
1 资料和方法
1.1 一般资料
1.1.1 对象
收集2006年3月至2006年12月在我院行超声乳化白内障吸除联合人工晶状体植入术的非干眼患者54 例(60眼),男性26例(29眼),女性28例(31眼);年龄54~78岁,平均(62.6±3.8)岁。 所有患者均无干眼症状。干眼诊断标准参照日本干眼症诊断标准[4],即同时具备以下三条者诊断为干眼症:①Schirmer试验(Schirmer test,SIt)≤10 mm,泪膜破裂时间(break-up time,BUT)≤5 s。②角膜荧光素染色(cornea fluorescein staining,CFS)积分≥1。③有干涩感、异物感、烧灼感等不适症状。
所有患者均为年龄相关性白内障。病例选择除外:①全身结缔组织疾病和严重的自身免疫性疾病。②合并高血压、糖尿病等全身疾病。③合并眼外伤、眼睑内外翻、闭合不全、泪囊炎、角膜炎、高度近视、葡萄膜炎、青光眼、眼底疾病等眼部其他病变。④半年内使用过影响泪膜功能的眼药水及口服糖皮质类固醇激素。⑤半年内有内、外眼的手术病史及眼部激光操作史。
1.1.2 分组
随机分为两组:A组28例(30眼),男性13例(15眼),女性15例(15眼),年龄为(62.2±4.0)岁,行透明角膜切口;B组26例(30眼),男性13例(14眼),女性13例(16眼),年龄为(62.0±3.6)岁,行巩膜隧道切口。两组在平均年龄、性别比例等情况差异均无统计学意义,具有可比性。术后A组失访3例(5眼),B组失访4例(5眼)。
1.2 手术方法及用药
1.2.1 术前检查
术前进行系统的检查,包括远近裸眼视力、最佳矫正视力、眼压、裂隙灯检查、眼底检查、角膜曲率检查、眼轴测量、眼B超以及术前的常规化验、心电图和胸透检查。
1.2.2 手术方法
术前使用美多丽滴眼液散瞳,并用倍诺喜眼用表面麻醉剂点眼3次,在3点位角膜缘内1 mm做辅助切口。A组患者在表面麻醉下于11点位行透明角膜切口;B组患者也于11点位剪开结膜囊,行巩膜隧道切口。切口宽度均为3.2 mm。均使用黏弹剂保护角膜内皮和充填前房,连续环形撕囊,做水分离,水分层,用双手法在晶状体囊袋内超声乳化晶状体核,注吸残留晶状体皮质,用推注器植入后房型折叠人工晶状体,自动灌注系统注吸残留黏弹剂。两组切口均自行闭合,无需缝合切口。术毕,用典必殊眼药膏涂术眼,罩眼罩。手术顺利完成,术中及术后均无并发症。所有手术均由同一位技术熟练的医生完成。
1.2.3 术前及术后用药 两组术前3 d均采用0.3%左氧氟沙星点术眼3 d,4次/d,术后采用典必殊眼液(美国Alcon公司)局部点眼,术后第1周6次/d,术后第2周4次/d,术后第3周2~3次/d,20 d后停药,并联合应用泪然眼液4次/d,共90 d。
1.3 检查方法
分别在手术前3天,术后第1天、第7天、第14天、第30天、第90天对54例患者行干眼主观症状问卷调查、SIt检查、BUT、CSF评分,并记录观察数据。全部检查均由第一作者完成。
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