作者:赵文军,张娟,彭秧生,范胜云 作者单位:710065)中国陕西省西安市,陕西省博爱医院眼科
【摘要】 目的:观察新鲜羊膜移植治疗大泡性角膜病变的临床疗效,探讨大泡性角膜病变有效可行的治疗方法。
【关键词】 新鲜羊膜;移植;大泡性角膜病变
Clinical analysis of fresh amniotic membrane transplantation for the management of bullous keratopathy WenJun Zhao, Juan Zhang, YangSheng Peng,ShengYun Fan Department of Ophthalmology, Boai Hospital, Xian 710065, Shaanxi Province, China Abstract
AIM: To observe the therapeutic effect of fresh amniotic membrane transplantation for the management of bullous keratopathy and approach the utility and feasible method for treating bullous keratopathy.
METHODS: Thirteen cases with bullous keratopathy treated by fresh amniotic membrane transplantation were analyzed retrospectively, of which there were 10 cases with IOL, 2 cases with glaucoma consummatum and 1 case with traumatic anterior dislocation of lens. The extinction time of painful symptom, rate of bu extinction, solution time of amniotic membrane, reparation time of epithelium corneae and improvement of the visual acuity after transplantation were analyzed. At the same time, these indexes were compared with those of the other ways for the management of bullous keratopathy.
RESULTS: The painful symptom extincted during 3 days in 10 cases after fresh amniotic membrane transplantation; bullaes extincted in all cases; and the fresh amniotic membrane transplanted dissolved completely in 14 days whithout rejection; corneal epithelium repaired completely in 14 days. Significant difference existed in visual acuity improvement between corneal transplantation and fresh amniotic membrane transplantation (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between other congener treatment and fresh amniotic membrane transplant.
CONCLUSION: Fresh amniotic membrane transplantation is a convenient, cheap and safe way for the management of bullous keratopathy.
KEYWORDS: fresh amniotic membrane; transplant; bullous keratopathy
方法:回顾分析经新鲜羊膜移植进行治疗的13例13眼大泡性角膜病变,其中人工晶状体眼10例,绝对期青光眼2例,外伤性晶状体前脱位1例。对13例患者术后眼部刺激症状消失时间、大泡消失例数、羊膜溶解时间、角膜上皮完全修复时间、视力改善状况进行分析评价,同时与报告中大泡性角膜病变的其他治疗方法上述指标比较。
结果:13例大泡性角膜病变患者中10例在术后3d内疼痛消失,13例大泡消失,14d内移植的新鲜羊膜全部溶解,无1例出现排斥反应,14d内角膜上皮完全修复,与报告中除角膜移植外的视力改善率有显著性差异(P<0.05)外,与其余同类方法相关指标比较无统计学差异。
结论:新鲜羊膜移植治疗大泡性角膜病变是取材方便、费用低廉、效果可靠的治疗方法。
0引言
大泡性角膜病变(bullous keratopathy, BK)是由于各种原因严重损毁角膜内皮细胞,导致角膜内皮细胞失代偿,使其失去液体屏障和主动液泵功能,引起角膜基质和上皮下持续性水肿的疾病。患者多有眼球前段手术史,尤其是白内障摘除、人工晶状体植入,无晶状体眼的玻璃体疝接触内皮,绝对期青光眼等[1]。临床表现上,患眼常有雾视,刺激症状明显,疼痛流泪,难以睁眼,患者常常以要求解除疼痛症状为目的入院。目前,大泡性角膜病变无确切的药物疗法。我院自200408/200908 收治大泡性角膜病变13例13眼,采用新鲜羊膜移植进行治疗, 分析报告如下。
1对象和方法
1.1对象 大泡性角膜病变13例13眼。男8例(62%),女5例(38%)。右眼6眼,左眼7眼,均为单眼发病。年龄42~75(平均61.9)岁。人工晶状体眼6例,白内障术后无晶状体眼3例,绝对期青光眼2例,青光眼白内障术后1例,外伤性晶状体前脱位1例。病程:6mo~1a者10例,>1a者3例。术前视力:无光感2眼,光感4眼,手动5眼,指数/眼前2眼。全部病例均有明显的BK表现,眼部磨痛、畏光、流泪,结膜不同程度的混合性充血,裂隙灯检查见角膜基质增厚水肿,上皮气雾状或有大小不等的水泡,部分融合成大泡,角膜后层切面不清或皱褶混浊。羊膜的制备:无菌操作下,取乙型病毒性肝炎表面抗原、丙型病毒性肝炎抗体、人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体及梅毒抗体均阴性的健康产妇剖宫产所获得的胎盘(羊膜),用无菌生理盐水充分将胎盘冲洗干净。钝性分离羊膜与绒毛膜,用无菌复方醋酸钠溶液250mL+2万U妥布霉素注射液,将羊膜漂洗3次,平铺于粘贴手术贴膜的纸片上,羊膜的基底面与纸面相贴,上皮面向上,装在无菌容器内,4℃冰箱中保存备用,所取羊膜均于取材后12h内使用。
1.2方法 手术均于显微镜下完成。常规球后阻滞麻醉后,用刀片刮除疏松的角膜上皮,刮至角巩膜缘处,做360°结膜剪开并恰当止血,充分冲洗创面。取相同大小的羊膜平铺于角膜表面,上皮面朝上,100尼龙线褥式缝合于结膜边缘并固定于板层角巩膜缘上,使羊膜片平展无皱褶的紧密贴合于角膜表面,且下方无积液。术毕结膜下注射抗菌药物。术眼绷带加压包扎,全身应用抗生素及皮质类固醇静脉点滴3d。术后每日换药,绷带包眼3d后局部滴用皮质类固醇、抗生素滴眼液及重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子滴眼液滴眼,每2h 1次,共4wk。其中1例外伤性晶状体前脱位在羊膜移植术前1wk行晶状体摘除术。
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