【摘要】 目的:对比经巩膜睫状体光凝术和睫状体冷凝术对于新生血管性青光眼的疗效。方法:选取2006年在我院住院的38例43眼新生血管性青光眼患者,一组采用常规睫状体冷凝术18眼,另一组采用810nm激光经巩膜睫状体光凝术治疗25眼,术后处理相同,术后12wk随诊期内观察患者眼部表现、视力、眼压情况。结果:睫状体冷凝组11眼(61%)、睫状体光凝组20眼(80%)术后3mo眼压稳定于11~24mmHg之间,各组术前、后眼压对比,差异均有高度统计学意义(P=0.000);组间术后眼压对比,差异无统计学意义(P=0.669)。睫状体冷凝组10眼(56%)、睫状体光凝组21眼(84%)视力保存,差异有统计学意义(P=0.040)。所有患者术后2wk虹膜新生血管开始逐渐减少,睫状体冷凝患者术后均有明显球结膜充血水肿,并颜面浮肿、眼痛、头痛;睫状体光凝患者术后仅有轻度球结膜混合充血,无颜面部浮肿、头痛及眼痛、前房出血。结论:治疗新生血管性青光眼,睫状体冷凝术及经睫状体激光光凝术控制眼压效果确切;而睫状体激光光凝术手术具有视力保存率高、并发症少,患者术后痛苦少等优点。
【关键词】 青光眼;新生血管性;经巩膜睫状体光凝术;睫状体冷凝术
Contrast of surgical effect of two different operations for neovascular glaucoma
Bo Zhang
Department of Ophthalmology, the Third Peoples Hospital of Luoyang, Luoyang 471002, Henan Province, China
Abstract AIM: To compare the surgical effect between transscleral cyclophotocoagulation and cyclocryotherapy for neovascular glaucoma.METHODS: In 2006 from January to December, 38 cases(43 eyes) diagnosed with neovascular glaucoma were treated. 18 cases(18 eyes) were treated with cyclocryotherapy and 20 cases(25 eyes) were treated with transscleral cyclophotocoagulation. The postsurgery clinical procedure was no diffrence between two groups. The intraocular pressure(IOP), eyesight, the clinical procedure, and the complications after surgery were observed. RESULTS: During followup of 3 months, the IOP of 11 eyes(61%) was controlled from 11 mmHg to 24 mmHg in the cases treated with cyclocryotherapy, and 20 eyes (80%) in the cases treated with cyclophotocoagulation respectively. In each group, there was highly statistical difference between the IOP of preoperation and postoperation(P=0.000). And there was no statistical difference between the postoperation IOP of two groups(P=0.669). The visual acuity of 10 eyes (56%) was preserved in the cases treated with cyclocryotherapy, and 21 eyes(84%) in the cases treated with cyclophotocongulation respectively, the result was statistically different(P=0.040). Postoperative complications were found fewer in the cases treated with cyclophotocoagulation, included hypema, pain, anterior chamber haemorrhage, and aqueous flare. CONCLUSION: To controll the IOP of eyes with neovascular glaucoma, transscleral cyclophotocoagulation and cyclocryotherapy are both effective and safe. Furthermore, cyclophotocoagulation has fewer postoperative complications and pain,it also has higher visual acuity preservation.
KEYWORDS: glaucoma; neovascular; transscleral cyclophotocoagulation; cyclocryotherapy
0 引言
新生血管性青光眼(neovascular glaucoma, NVG)是一种难治性青光眼,其致盲率高达92.4%[1],由于虹膜表面以及前房角大量新生血管和结缔组织膜增生,导致房水外流通道阻塞,常规药物及外滤过手术效果较差,许多患者晚期因为失明且剧烈眼痛而被迫摘除眼球,目前,相对有效的手术方式为各种睫状体破坏性手术[2],我院200601/200612收治新生血管性青光眼38例43眼,分别应用睫状体冷凝术及经巩膜睫状体光凝术治疗,现将两种术式的临床疗效对比报告如下。
1 对象和方法
1.1 对象
我院200601/200612共收治新生血管性青光眼38例43眼,其中视网膜中央静脉栓塞18例18眼,增生性糖尿病性视网膜病变20例25眼;男15例,女23例;年龄34~77(平均57.6±8.5)岁;术前眼压42~81(平均57.93±8.26)mmHg;术前视力0.05~0.1者6眼,指数/眼前~0.02者7眼,手动/眼前12眼,光感者10眼,无光感者8眼。以上患者均经裂隙灯显微镜行眼前节检查,角膜透明无水肿可行房角检查者16眼,房角检查可见全周满布新生血管;屈光间质尚透明能行视网膜血管荧光造影者12眼,经视网膜血管荧光造影确诊4眼为视网膜中央静脉栓塞,8眼为糖尿病性视网膜病变,结果显示均有大量新生血管形成并明显无灌注区;其他患者由于角膜水肿或并发白内障无法检查房角或视网膜血管荧光造影。根据患者自愿原则,18例18眼采用常规睫状体冷凝术,20例25眼采用经巩膜睫状体光凝术。
1.2 方法
两组患者术前72h均口服乙酰唑胺片(0.25g,3~4次/d),2.5g/L马来酸噻吗洛尔眼液点眼,每12h 1次,术前30min快速静脉点滴200g/L甘露醇250mL,控制眼压;手术常规消毒铺无菌巾,20g/L利多卡因针+7.5g/L布比卡因针,等量混合共5mL,术眼球后神经阻滞麻醉。(1) 睫状体冷凝术:CO2冷冻器(HB801B,扬州华康电子科技有限公司,中国),2.5mm冷凝头于角膜缘后3mm,360°冷凝20个点,内、外直肌附着点加强冷凝1点,温度70℃,持续60~80s。(2) 经巩膜睫状体光凝术:810nm半导体激光器(Oculight,SL,IRIDEX,corpration,CA,USA),激光能量1350~1550mW,作用时间2s,采用G探头,沿角巩膜缘后2mm光凝(避开3∶00,9∶00位置),治疗区域分象限进行,光凝点数与术前眼压正相关,共16~32点,光凝点以出现阈值烧灼的“爆破声”为标准。两组术后均给予球结膜下注射地塞米松针2.5mg,第2d应用复方妥布霉素眼液+1g/L双氯酚酸钠眼液,4次/d。非糖尿病、高血压、胃溃疡等患者口服强的松片(0.5mg/kg,1次/d顿服),持续5d,如有患者眼压偏高者可应用2.5g/L马来酸噻吗洛尔眼液点眼,每12h 1次,必要时口服乙酰唑胺片(0.25g,3~4次/d);如果眼压居高不下,术后2wk可重复治疗1次。观察指标:记录所有患者术前眼压值,术后3mo复诊期内每次均行裂隙灯显微镜检查,观察并记录两组患者局部表现,如眼睑、结膜水肿充血情况;角膜表现;前房炎症反应;虹膜新生血管;晶状体表现;若屈光间质透明,观察玻璃体、视网膜表现;测量记录患者眼压(Goldmman压平式眼压计)及裸眼视力。
统计学分析:所有数据均由同一人核对两遍后输入计算机,确保准确无误,对数据采用SPSS 11.5统计学软件包,对两治疗组术前、术后末次随访的眼压值进行t检验及方差分析(ANOV),用χ2检验对两组术后视力进行比较,P<0.05为有统计学意义。
2 结果
术后眼压判定标准参照目前国内外较为通用的疗效标准:术后眼压稳定于7~22mmHg[3]。
2.1 术后眼压
睫状体冷凝组:11眼(61%)术后3mo眼压稳定于11~24mmHg之间;2眼一次手术后眼压于25~28mmHg之间;4眼一次手术后眼压仍>30mmHg,给予二次冷凝治疗后,2眼眼压下降稳定<24mmHg,2眼术后3mo眼压<10mmHg,眼球萎缩;1眼一次冷凝术后3mo眼压<10mmHg,视力无光感,眼球萎缩。睫状体光凝组:20眼(80%)术后3mo眼压稳定于11~24mmHg之间;5眼一次光凝后眼压仍>30mmHg,4眼给予二次光凝后眼压下降<24mmHg,1眼三次光凝后眼压仍为37mmHg,但无眼胀痛等不适症状,且视力保持0.02,未进一步处理。t检验结果,睫状体冷凝组:术前术后眼压对比:P=0.00;睫状体光凝组:术前术后眼压对比:P=0.000;差异均有高度统计学意义。方差分析结果,两组术前眼压对比:F=0.004,P=0.949;两组术后眼压对比差异无统计学意义(F=0.185,P=0.669,表1)。表1 两组不同手术方式术前术后眼压对比(略)
2.2 术后视力
末次随访,睫状体冷凝组:18眼中,有10眼(56%)视力稳定或稍有提高。睫状体光凝组:25眼中,有21眼(84%)视力稳定或稍有提高。两组差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.209, P=0.040,表2)。表2 两组不同手术方式术后视力对比眼(略)
2.3 虹膜新生血管
术后2wk新生血管开始逐渐减少,末次观察,睫状体冷凝组:有13眼虹膜表面新生血管稀疏、变细,1眼虹膜萎缩,4眼虹膜新生血管无改善;睫状体光凝组:15眼虹膜及房角新生血管完全消退,4眼虹膜新生血管少数散在,6眼虹膜新生血管无明显改善。
2.4 术后反应
睫状体冷凝组:所有患者术后均出现明显的眼球结膜充血水肿,并伴有颜面部浮肿、眼痛、头痛,经加压包扎及镇静止痛对症处理3~7d后缓解;4例合并前房出血,1~2wk后吸收;12例有不同程度的前房反应(色素、纤维素渗出等),常规术后点眼后逐渐消退;睫状体光凝组:所有患者术后均伴有轻度眼球结膜混合充血,3d后消退,无颜面部浮肿、头痛及眼痛;所有患者无前房出血,10例有不同程度前房反应,常规术后点眼后逐渐消退。
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