【摘要】 探讨多发性角膜深层异物取出方法。方法:本组患者42例45眼,其中异物穿透角膜全层并部分伸入前房者13例。磁性异物2例,非磁性异物36例,混合性异物4例。未穿透角膜者可用显微镊直接拔出,或作一浅层角膜切开后拔出。穿透角膜者,充分缩瞳,以15°角膜穿刺刀作前房穿刺,确保无房水外漏,黏弹剂自穿刺口注入前房并加深其深度,以顶退的方式自角膜面将异物稍加送出,露出异物尾端,此时不急以拔除,而以相同的手法处理其余异物,待所有异物尾端均露出角膜面后,再以多个有齿镊同时将异物取出。结果:45眼异物42眼顺利取出,3眼因初始取出经验不足导致术后并发性白内障,8眼合并虹膜炎,10眼发生角膜炎均为伤后超过1wk方来就诊者。在伤后3d内及时就诊的患者,术后视力改善几率明显高于1wk者。结论:对于多发性深层角膜异物,尤其是多发性穿透性角膜异物的取出,应争取尽早就诊手术,手术设计应以保护晶状体为前提,尽量减少手术并发症的发生。
【关键词】 多发性;角膜深层;异物;手术治疗
Clinical observation of the multiple cornea indepth foreign bodies removal
RenFang Li, Bin Xiong, ZeGang Cao, HuaMo Shen
Department of Ophthalmology, Peoples Hospital of Heyuan City, Heyuan 517000, Guangdong Province, China
AbstractAIM: To discuss the method of multiple cornea indepth foreign bodies removal.METHOD: This group of patient 42 examples (45 eyes), the foreign bodies penetration cornea entire level and the part enter anterior chamber 13 examples. The patients are used sedative drugs all over and reduced the pupil fully. Use 15 stab knife to perform paracentesis of anterior chamber to ensure there is no leakage of aqueous humor. Viscoelastic substances are injected from the puncture site into the anterior chamber and then enhance its depth. Use Smooth forceps to draws back from the cornea surface the foreign bodies to send out slightly, reveals end the foreign bodies, this time not anxiously wipes out, but processes other foreign bodies using the technique of same, after treating end all foreign bodies reveals the cornea surface, by the same time ,use the tooth forceps to take out the foreign bodies.RESULTS: Fortyfive foreign bodies 42 taken out smoothly, 3 eyes the light concurrency cataract because insufficiently experienced, 8 eyes uveitises. 10 eyes keratitis are surpasses the 1 week to seeing the doctor. After the wound in 3 days the prompt seeing the doctor's patient, the Vision improvement probability is higher than 1 week obviously.CONCLUSION: The multiple indepth corneal foreign body, especially multiple penetrability corneal foreign body's extraction, Should receive a medical examination as soon as possible and the surgery, the surgery designs should take protect the lens as the premise, reduces the surgery complication as far as possible.
KEYWORDS: multiple; cornea indepth; foreign bodies; the surgery treats
0引言
角膜深层异物是眼外伤中的常见病,而多发性角膜深层异物多见于多刺形植物及爆炸伤,角膜异物伤分为磁性和非磁性,角膜深层磁性异物应用磁铁容易取出,而角膜深层非磁性异物,尤其是多发性深层角膜异物取出则有一定困难。取出不当,易造成感染、角膜及晶状体的损伤而影响视力。我地区盛产板栗,因此多发性植物性角膜异物每年均可遇及,我院自200407/200806共收治多发性角膜深层异物42例45眼,均一期手术取出,临床效果满意,现报告如下。
1对象和方法
1.1对象
本组患者42例45眼。男31例,女11例;年龄7~51(平均35)岁;磁性异物2例,非磁性异物36例,混合性异物4例。植物性异物27例(26例为板栗刺伤,1例为仙人球刺伤),动物性毛刺伤1例,爆炸致火药、玻璃伤(非磁性)8例,爆炸致火药合并铁屑伤(混合性)4例,2例磁性异物均为铁屑。异物穿透角膜全层并部分伸入前房者13例,排外伤及晶状体病例,31例异物侵及瞳孔区。患者就诊时间为伤后1~30d,术前视力0.1~0.6,6例初诊时即有不同程度角膜感染。
1.2方法
1.2.1未穿透角膜之多发性深层异物取出
又以异物尾端是否没入角膜分:(1)尾端突出角膜者,若为植物性,可用显微镊直接拔出,若为金属性,一般都是要先将其充分松动后才能剔出或经磁铁吸出。(2)尾端没入角膜者,我院的做法是,自异物尾端向角膜缘侧作一浅层放射切开,将异物向角膜缘侧松动,然后将异物剔出。表1 患者治疗前后视力变化眼(略)
1.2.2穿透角膜之多发性深层异物取出
也分两种情况:(1)尾端突出角膜者,临床以植物性异物(尤以板栗刺)多见,此种情况虽较尾端没入角膜者取之容易,但取出时仍需特别慎重,因为在取出异物之一的同时,往往会因为房水的渗漏导致前房的变浅,其他异物来不及拔除便伤及晶状体等而带来并发症。我们采取先将角膜上所有的异物用显微镊予松动而又不使房水外渗,然后双手同时用多把显微镊(必要时可与助手同时进行)将异物迅速拔除。(2)尾端没入角膜者,此情况临床取出存在一定困难,外路切开取异物并发症多,我们采用内路取出法取得较好效果。做法是:患者术前30min给予全身镇静药物,并予10g/L毛果芸香碱滴眼充分缩瞳。表面麻醉或球周麻醉下进行,角膜表面异物旁浅层切开,然后用15°角膜穿刺刀在透明角膜穿刺,此时注意勿使房水外流,注入前房黏弹剂(透明质酸钠),保持前房足够深度并使异物近心端远离晶状体。稍扩大穿刺口,伸入无齿镊进前房夹持住异物,以顶退的方式自角膜面稍加送出,露出异物尾端,此时不急以拔除,而以相同的手法处理其余异物,待所有异物尾端均露出角膜面后,再以多个有齿镊同时将异物取出。冲洗出前房内黏弹剂,切口无需缝合。若创口渗漏明显,则予缝合并加压包扎。
1.2.3术后处理
滴3g/L妥布霉素滴眼液5~8次/d,或加用双氯芬酸钠滴眼液,4次/d,晚上涂左氧氟沙星眼膏及贝复舒眼用凝胶,若为植物性异物,则加用抗真菌眼药水点眼,必要时滴复方托吡卡胺滴眼液活动瞳孔,病情重者加用全身抗生素应用,4~6wk拆除角膜缝线。
统计学分析:经SPSS 11.0统计学软件处理,采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
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