【摘要】 目的:评价玻璃体切除联合晶状体超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术治疗增生性糖尿病视网膜病变(PDR)的疗效及并发症。方法:回顾性分析55例68眼伴有白内障的PDR患者行玻璃体切除联合晶状体超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术的临床资料,观察术后视力改善程度及术中、术后并发症。结果:术后随访3~24(平均8.5)mo。51眼(75%)术后视力维持或改善,17眼(25%)视力下降,其中无光感6眼(9%);术中并发症为医源性视网膜裂孔15眼(22%);术后并发症:前房炎性反应30眼(44%),玻璃体积血11眼(16%),复发性视网膜脱离3眼(4%),虹膜红变5眼(7%),新生血管性青光眼2眼(3%);31眼(46%)术后需要继续眼内光凝。结论:玻璃体切除联合晶状体超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术治疗PDR,可使大多数患者的视力改善,手术是安全的,手术成功的关键为选择合适的患者,影响术后视力的主要因素为视网膜病变程度。
【关键词】 糖尿病性视网膜病变;玻璃体切除术;晶状体超声乳化术
Efficacy of phacoemulsification combined with vitrectomy in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy
YanQing Gao, Xin Wang, XiaoHui Guo, KunPeng Xie, XiaoPing Sun
Zhuomei Eye Center, Zhengzhou Peoples Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province,China
Correspondence to: YanQing Gao. Zhuomei Eye Center, Zhengzhou Peoples Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province,China. [email protected]
Received:20100705 Accepted:20100726
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the efficacy and complications of phacoemulsification combined with vitrectomy in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy and cataract.
METHODS: Retrospectively analyzed the information of 55 patients 68 eyes with cataract and proliferative diabetic retinopathy, which were treated with vitrectomy combined lens phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation, the postoperative visual acuity and complications in and after operation were observeed.
RESULTS: The followup period was 324 months with the average of 8.5 months. Postoperative visual acuity improved or remained unchanged in 51 eyes (75% ); and decreased in 17 eyes (25% ). Complication in operation is iatrogenic retinal tear in 15 eyes (22%). Postoperation complications consisted of anterior chamber fibrin exudation in 30 eyes (44% ); vitreous hemorrhage in 11 eyes (16%); retinal detachment in 3 eyes (4%); rubeosis of iris in 5 eyes (7%); neovascular glaucoma in 2 eyes (3%). Retinal photocoagulation was performed in 31(46%) eyes after surgery.
CONCLUSION: Vitrectomy combined lens phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation to treat cataract proliferative diabetic retinopathy is safe and efficient,which can improve the visual acuity of majority of patients. The key point is to select suitable patients and the key influencing factor of postoperative visual acuity is the degree of retinal damage.
KEYWORDS: diabetic retinopathy; vitrectomy; lens phacoemulsification
Gao YQ, Wang X, Guo XH, et al. Efficacy of phacoemulsification combined with vitrectomy in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Int J Ophthalmol(Guoji Yanke Zazhi) 2010;10(9):17741776
到目前为止,玻璃体切除术是治疗增生性糖尿病视网膜病变(PDR)唯一有效可行的方法[1],但对于眼底外科医生来说,为晶状体混浊明显的PDR患者做玻璃体手术是十分困难的。晶状体混浊意味着实现玻璃体及视网膜手术目标既困难又不安全。在玻璃体视网膜手术中,联合摘出白内障,可获得清晰手术视野,也可以改善视力以及方便术中及术后进一步治疗。我院200405/200906收治具有完整资料55例伴有白内障的PDR患者报告如下。
1对象和方法
1.1对象
收治在我院200405/200906 55例68眼伴有白内障的患者,行玻璃体切除联合晶状体超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术,男23例,女32例,年龄41~77(平均59.3)岁。手术时间45~145(平均63.5±18.6)min;随访时间3~24(平均8.5)mo。术前视力:光感6眼,手动15眼,数指23眼,视力0.01~0.1者20眼,0.1~0.3者4眼,25眼有视网膜光凝治疗史,术前眼底分期Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ期者分别有35,22及11眼,术前检查包括A/B超检查、角膜曲率测量及所需人工晶状体度数的计算等。
1.2方法
手术均在球后神经阻滞麻醉下进行,先行晶状体超声乳化吸除术,在颞侧或上方角膜缘做隧道切口,前房注入黏弹剂后行连续环形撕囊,撕囊口直径为5.0~6.0mm,充分水分离,采用超声乳化吸除晶状体核,以灌注抽吸系统清除残留的晶状体皮质。三通道经睫状体平坦部玻璃体视网膜手术,手术中和手术后的具体治疗措施包括:(1)玻璃体切除和纤维血管膜的处理:尽可能全部切除玻璃体清除全部纤维血管膜;纤维血管膜粘连紧密者,行膜分割术;(2)激光光凝:手术中尽可能行全视网膜激光光凝,手术后2wk内行FFA检查,并根据检查结果情况,必要时补充视网膜光凝治疗;(3)眼内填充:存在视网膜裂孔或视盘新生血管的患者是考虑选择眼内填充时的主要对象,使用的眼内填充物主要有硅油和膨胀气体等;完成玻璃体视网膜手术后,仔细检查患者眼底状态,术中根据眼底情况决定是否行人工晶状体植入。
2结果
2.1一般情况
所有患者68眼中,联合硅油填充者46眼,惰性气体填充14眼,单纯灌注液填充者8眼,术中眼底分期Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ期者分别有28,29及11眼
2.2术后视力
术后随访3~24(平均8.5)mo。术后最佳矫正视力0.02~0.08者19眼,0.1~0.2者26眼,0.25~0.8者8眼;51眼术后视力有不同程度提高或维持原有视力,17眼术后视力下降,其中2眼术后2mo继发新生血管性青光眼,经巩膜睫状体光凝术后视力下降,最终6眼无光感。
2.3并发症
术中15眼出现医源性视网膜裂孔,术后30眼出现明显前房纤维素性渗出,16眼早期眼压升高,3眼视网膜脱离复发,11眼玻璃体积血,术后虹膜红变5眼,虹膜红变5眼中发生新生血管性青光眼2眼。
2.4术后处理及随访
术后明显前房纤维素性渗出者给予局部激素眼药水点眼及阿托品眼膏散瞳、复方托吡卡胺眼药水活动瞳孔,8眼瞳孔部分后粘连;术后31眼补充视网膜光凝治疗,11眼玻璃体积血中6眼因反复玻璃体积血再次行玻璃体腔灌洗术或硅油填充,1眼复发性视网膜脱离未再治疗,术后眼压升高均对症处理降至正常;2眼新生血管性青光眼行经巩膜睫状体光凝术后视力下降,最终无光感。
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