中华眼科杂志 1998年第6期第0卷 论著
作者:张葵 李志辉 陆文秀
单位:100730 首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院眼科
关键词:角膜地形图;散光
【摘要】 目的 探讨角膜地形图和角膜曲率计对屈光手术前、后角膜散光的应用价值。方法 采用计算机辅助的角膜地形图、角膜曲率计及散瞳验光三种测量散光的方法,对屈光不正患者360只眼进行检查,同时对准分子激光角膜切削术(photorefractive keratectomy,PRK)后72只眼和准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(excimer laser in situ keratomileusis,LASIK)后95只眼的角膜散光用角膜地形图和角膜曲率计进行测量并比较。结果 术前三组测量方法在散光轴位方面差异无显著性(P>0.05)。在散光度数上,角膜地形图△Sim K和角膜曲率计△K间差异无显著性(P>0.05);而散瞳验光组与另两组间差异有显著性(P<0.01)。PRK和LASIK术后△Sim K与△K值间差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论 角膜曲率计与角膜地形图对术前角膜散光测量具有相似的临床价值,角膜地形图图形与参数△Sim K值有关。但术后角膜地形图△Sim K测量的角膜散光较为准确。
A research on clinical values of corneal topography and keratometer in measuring astigmatism Zhang Kui, Li Zhihui, Lu Wenxiu. Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tong Ren Hospital, Beijing 100730
【Abstract】 Objective To compare the accuracy of corneal topography, keratometer and cycloplegic retinoscopy in measuring astigmatism for refractive surgery.Methods Three hundred and sixty eyes with ametropia were randomly selected. The results of corneal topography, that of keratometer and cycloplegic retinoscopy in measuring astigmatism before refractive surgery were compared, and the measuring results of corneal topography and that of keratometer for 72 eyes after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and 95 eyes after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) were also compared.Results No significant difference was found in axes of astigmatism among the three groups. As for diopters of astigmatism, there was no significant difference between the group of corneal topography (△Sim K) and the group of keratometer (△K), but we found significant difference between the group of cycloplegic retinoscopy and the other two groups before and after refractive surgery. Significant difference was also found between △SimK and △K after PRK and LASIK.Conclusions Our investigation demonstrates that before refractive surgery the keratometer has a similar clinical value as that of corneal topography, and the △ Sim K value is related to the graphic pattern of corneal topography. However, keratometer is limited in measuring mild changes in corneal curvature after refractive surgery, while the astigmatism expressed by △ Sim K in corneal topography is more accurate.
【Keywords】 Astigmatism Corneal topography
散光的测量对眼科手术前手术量的计算及术后的评估至关重要,我们对计算机辅助的角膜地形图、角膜曲率计及散瞳验光三种常用的散光测量方法进行研究,并探讨其应用价值。
资料与方法
一、病例选择
随机选取1994年1月至1994年9月来我院就诊未手术的屈光不正患者201例(共360只眼),男80例(142只眼),女121例(218只眼)。年龄18~47岁,平均27.5岁。准分子激光角膜切削术(photorefractive keratectomy, PRK)后患者38例(72只眼),准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(excimer laser in situ keratomileusis, LASIK)术后患者50例(95只眼)。所有患者除有屈光不正(近视、散光)外,均无其他眼疾,最佳矫正视力≥1.0。
二、方法
采用美国TMS-I型角膜地形图仪及日本Canon RK-2型自动角膜曲率计,对自然瞳孔下角膜表面进行测量,并在散瞳后进行检影验光确定最佳矫正视力。角膜地形图: △Sim K值被定义为Sim K(simulated keratometry reading)中屈光度前一数值与后一数值相减值,即△Sim K=Sim K1-Sim K2。角膜曲率计:测量距中心3~4 mm范围内屈光力最大径线上相距1.5 mm的两个点及与其相对90°径线上等距离的另两个点的屈光度。散光被定义为这两个轴向上屈光度的差值,即△K=K1-K2。
三、统计方法
采用Systat软件包,数据采用t检验进行统计学处理。
结果
一、病例总体情况
1.术前散光轴位分布情况:360只眼中,循规性散光者占73.1%,逆规性散光者占3.9%,斜轴性散光者占23.0%。
2.术前散光度数分布情况:本组患者中,散光≤1.00 D者258只眼(71.7%),≤2.00 D者85只眼(23.6%),≤3.00 D者14只眼(3.9%),≤4.00 D者3只眼(0.8%)。可见散光以≤2.00 D为主。
二、手术前散光的比较
1.三种方法测定散光轴位的比较:360只眼中,角膜地形图组散光轴位的均值为91.74°±25.74°,角膜曲率计组为89.77°±22.05°,散瞳验光组为93.53°±29.71°。三组间差异无显著性(P>0.05)。
2.不同方法测定散光度数的比较:角膜地形图组中△Sim K的均值为1.20±0.61 D,角膜曲率计组△K的均值为1.18±0.64 D,散瞳验光组中平均散光度数为0.87±0.68 D。经统计学处理,角膜地形图组△Sim K与角膜曲率计组△K值间,差异无显著性(P>0.05),而此两组与散瞳验光组比较差异有显著性(P<0.01)。
3.角膜地形图中△Sim K与图形的关系(附表)。
[1] [2] 下一页 |