4结语

     综上所述，视网膜移植已经取得了很多进展，但要获得长期稳定的疗效并推广应用，还有许多问题有待解决。视网膜移植通过视网膜前体细胞与局部微环境中的可溶性因子的相互作用，诱导前体细胞分化为感光细胞，为感光细胞变性提供一种可行的治疗方法，但局部可溶性因子种类繁多，作用复杂，尚待进一步研究。如视网膜移植在临床上推广应用，则移植物的来源也是一个问题，移植物的保存技术需进一步研究。视网膜移植对视力的影响不大，已有报道在人类行视网膜移植后患者视力提高，但只主观视力提高明显，客观视力无大变化。视网膜移植后，移植物与受体视网膜的整合，形成功能连接，但感光细胞移植后形成的新的突触并不多，不能完全替代原正常视网膜的功能。Berson等[39]认为，替代整个视网膜是超越现有能力的，通过神经把移植的网膜与大脑联系起来是不可能的。但在不干扰视网膜神经组织的情况下刺激更多的突触形成则是未来研究要针对的问题[7]。RP的治疗方法较多，各有优缺点，如果两种或两种方法结合起来应用则能达到更好的效果。视网膜移植作为治疗RP的最佳方案，与其他疗法相结合能够获得更好的疗效。视网膜移植的研究应与RP疾病的研究及其他疗法的研究共进。

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