2 结果
2.1 抗生素类中氯霉素pH6.4者毒性轻,pH6.7者毒性中度。庆大霉素pH6.7者毒性“0”级,而pH5.1者为“++”。氟哌酸、环丙沙星、磺胺类药物毒性较重。磺胺类还可以使培养细胞脱壁,见表1。
表1 抗生素、磺胺、喹诺酮类对角膜上皮细胞毒性
Table 1 Toxicity of antibiotic,sulfonamides,fluoquinolones eye drops to corneal epithelium
Medicines |
pH |
15min |
30min |
60min |
120min |
24h |
Cells divorced from wall |
2.5g·L-1 chloramphenicol |
6.4 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2.5g·L-1 chloramphenicol |
6.7 |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
++ |
0 |
4.0g·L-1 gentamicin |
6.7 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4.0g·L-1 gentamicin |
5.1 |
++ |
++ |
++ |
++ |
++ |
0 |
4.0g·L-1 rifampicin |
5.0 |
0~+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
0 |
0 |
50g·L-1 sulfathiazole |
7.5 |
0~+ |
+~++ |
++ |
++ |
+++ |
+ |
100g·L-1 sulfacetamide sodium |
7.5 |
0 |
0 |
0~+ |
0~+ |
+++ |
+ |
3.0g·L-1 norfloxacin |
4.6 |
0 |
0~+ |
+~++ |
+~++ |
+++ |
0 |
0.3g·L-1 norfloxacin |
4.6 |
0 |
0 |
+ |
+ |
0 |
0 |
3.0g·L-1 enoxacin |
4.8 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3.0g·L-1 ofloxacin |
6.2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3.0g·L-1 ciprofloxacin |
4.6 |
+ |
+~++ |
+~++ |
++ |
0 |
0 |
2.2 抗病毒类药物 无环鸟苷pH6.2者,毒性“0”级,pH4.6者毒性较重。其余毒性都较轻,见表2。
表2 抗病毒滴眼剂角膜上皮细胞毒性
Table 2 Toxicity of antiviral eye drops to corneal epithelium
Medicines |
pH |
15min |
30min |
60min |
120min |
24h |
Cells divorced from wall |
1.0g·L-1 idoxuridine |
4.8 |
0 |
0 |
+ |
+ |
0~+ |
0 |
1.0g·L-1 ribavirin |
5.4 |
0 |
0 |
+ |
+ |
0 |
0 |
1.0g·L-1 aciclovir |
6.2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1.0g·L-1 aciclovir |
4.6 |
+ |
+ |
+ |
++ |
+++ |
0 |
1.0g·L-1 ganciclovin |
6.4 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1.0g·L-1 phthiobuzone |
5.0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0~+ |
0 |
1.0g·L-1 hydrochcoridi |
5.0 |
+ |
+ |
+~++ |
+~++ |
0 |
0 |
2.3 抗真菌类药物 咪唑类皆有毒性,10g·L-1者较重,1g*L-1者较轻,见表3。
表3 抗真菌滴眼剂对角膜上皮细胞毒性
Table 3 Toxicity of antimycotic eye drops to corneal epithelium
Medicines |
pH |
15min |
30min |
60min |
120min |
24h |
Cells divorced from wall |
10g·L-1 miconazole |
6.7 |
+~++ |
+~++ |
+~++ |
+~++ |
0~+ |
+ |
10g·L-1 miconazole nitrate |
4.6 |
+~++ |
+~++ |
++ |
++~+++ |
+++ |
+ |
1.0g·L-1 miconazole nitrate |
4.6 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
+ |
0~+ |
0 |
10g·L-1 ketoconazole |
6.7 |
+ |
+~ |
+~ |
+~ |
+ |
0 |
10g·L-1 potassium iodide |
6.4 |
0 |
0~+ |
+ |
+ |
0 |
0 |
2.4 皮质类固醇类药物 该类药物晚期毒性皆明显,醋酸可的松还能使培养细胞脱壁,见表4。
表4 皮质类固醇及其他滴眼剂对角膜上皮毒性
Table 4 Toxicity of corticosteroid,etc eye drops to corneal epithelium
Medicines |
pH |
15min |
30min |
60min |
120min |
24h |
Cells divorced from wall |
5g·L-1 cortisone |
5.4 |
0~+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+++ |
+ |
0.25g·L-1 dexamethasone |
7.0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0~+ |
+++ |
0 |
Catalin |
6.4 |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
0 |
0 |
5g·L-1 tetracaine |
5.4 |
++ |
++ |
++ |
++ |
+++ |
0 |
30g·L-1 boric acid |
6.0 |
0~+ |
++ |
++ |
++ |
++ |
0 |
10g·L-1 vitality iodium |
6.4 |
0 |
0 |
+ |
+ |
+++ |
0 |
0.2g·L-1 mercuric oxycyanide |
6.0 |
++ |
++ |
++ |
++ |
+++ |
0 |
2.5 其他 白内停、抗自由基、抗胶原酶类药物毒性皆轻,地卡因和氧氰化汞毒性重,见表4、5。
表5 抗自由基、抗胶原酶滴眼剂对角膜上皮毒性比较
Table 5 Toxicity of anti-free-redical,anticollagenase eye drops to corneal epithelium
Medicines |
pH |
15min |
30min |
60min |
120min |
24h |
Cells divorced from wall |
Imitating SODmn |
6.2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Imitating SODco |
6.4 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
250g·L-1 Vit C |
6.7 |
0 |
0 |
+ |
+ |
0~+ |
+ |
100g·L-1 Vit C |
6.7 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0~+ |
0 |
100g·L-1 sodiumcitrate |
7.2 |
0 |
0 |
+ |
+ |
+ |
0 |
100g·L-1 sodiumcitrate+100g·L-1 VitC |
7.0 |
0 |
0 |
0~+ |
0~+ |
+ |
0 |
100g·L-1 sodiumcitrate+10g·L-1 EDTA |
6.7 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0~+ |
++ |
0 |
0.5g·L-1 captopril |
7.0 |
0 |
0 |
+ |
+ |
0 |
0 |
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