摘 要:目的 探讨脑囊虫病的眼部表现及治疗。方法 应用CT确诊脑囊虫病,作眼部常规检查、CT和眼B超检查。对脑囊虫病患者用吡喹酮杀虫治疗,同时应用降颅压药物、神经营养药和糖皮质类固醇,降低颅内压,减轻视盘水肿和炎症,保护视力。合并眼部囊虫者手术摘除,玻璃体内囊虫采用玻璃体切割吸出,视网膜下囊虫术前定位后切开巩膜和葡萄膜取出,眼外肌和眶内囊虫直视下取出。结果 646例脑囊虫患者伴有视力下降者78例81眼,占12.1%;合并眼部囊虫者28例,占4.33%;有复视和眼球运动障碍者7例,占8.97%.药物治疗和手术治疗后视力恢复≥1.0者60眼,占84.51%.手术取出玻璃体内囊虫7例8眼,视网膜下囊虫1眼和眶内囊虫11例均获成功。结论 脑囊虫病可伴有不同程度视力下降,也可与眼部囊虫合并存在。
Ocular complications of brain cysticercosis and its treatment
CUI Guo-Yi,DING Xiang-Qi,WANG Hui
(From the Zhoukou Eye Hospital)
ZHANG En-Dong,HU Jun-Qing
(Zhoukou Health and Epidemic Prevention Station,Zhoukou 466002,Henan Province,China)
Abstract:Objective To evaluate the ocular complications of brain cysticercosis and its treatment.Methods Brain cysticercosis was diagonsed by using CT.All patients' eyes were examined with CT,B-sonarography and other ocular instruments.The patients who did not have ocular cysticercosis were treated with praziguantal,glucocoticoids and the drugs of nerve-nutritions.Various surgical methods were used for ocular cysticercosis:sclerotomy for subretinal cysticercosis,pars plana incision and aspiration for intravitreal cysticercosis,direct extraction for orbit and extraocular muscles cysticercosis.Results In 646 patients of brain cysticercosis,vision was diminished in 78 patients.Ocular cysticercosis was noted in 28 patients.Diploma and limited ocular movement was noted in 7 patients.Vision reached 1.0 after operation and drug-therapy in 60 patients.All operations were successful.Conclusion Brain cysticercosis might be accompanied by ocular cysticercosis and visual impairment.
Key words:brain cysticercosis;vision diminished;ocular cysticercosis;diploma and movement limited therapy▲
脑囊虫是最常见的中枢神经系统寄生虫病,可单独寄生或与眼部及其它系统囊虫合并存在。我们于1990年8月至1997年8月共治疗脑囊虫病646例,其中伴有不同程度视力下降及眼部囊虫者78例,现将眼部表现及治疗情况报告如下。
1 材料与方法
1.1 一般资料 选择周口地区卫生防疫站专病医院囊虫病科7a间治疗的646例囊虫病患者资料完整病例,其中伴不同程度视力下降及眼部囊虫者78例81眼占12.10%.78例中男59例,女19例,年龄3~60a,平均41a;有明确食“米猪肉”史者10例;有绦虫病史者36例,占46.2%;绦虫病距就诊时间最长8a,最短2mo。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 检查方法 (1)特殊检查:78例全部经CT检查确诊为脑囊虫,眼部CT检查28例,显示球内及眶内囊虫(包括眼外肌)改变者20例,占71.43%;眼B超检查28例,显示球内及眶内囊虫改变者23例,占82.14%;(2)免疫学检查:应用酶联吸附试验(ELISA)测定囊虫抗体,78例中抗体阳性者63例,占80.76%,弱阳性者8例,占10.3%,阴性7例,占8.97%;(3)眼部常规检查:78例81眼均作视力、视野、眼底、眼位及眼球运动检查。81眼中视力≤0.1者61眼,占75.31%,其中3例5眼失明。视野检查65眼中生理盲点扩大者48眼,占73.85%;周边视野缩小者5眼,占7.69%.伴有复视和眼球运动障碍者7例,占8.97%.其中4例为下直肌囊虫炎性粘连,引起下斜视及眼球上转受限;1例外直肌囊虫炎性浸润,引起内斜视;2例为脑内多发性囊虫引起外展神经及动眼神经麻痹而出现复视。伴眼部囊虫者28例占35.90%.眼部囊虫寄生部位分布见表1。
表1 眼部囊虫寄生部位的分布
Table 1 Parastic position of ocular cysticercosis
Position of cysticercosis |
Intraviteal |
Subretinal |
Extraocular muscles |
In orbit |
Conjunctiva |
Beside pupill |
Numbers of cysticercosis |
11 |
7 |
6 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
Patients |
10 |
6 |
6 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
1.2.2 治疗方法
1.2.2.1 药物治疗 对合并眼球内囊虫(玻璃体、视网膜、视盘旁)的脑囊虫病患者,主张先手术摘除,后杀虫护眼治疗,尽量保存视力;对合眼外肌、眶内和结膜下囊虫者应在药物杀虫的同时手术摘除;对视神经受压或高颅压引起的视力下降者,以先杀虫为主,同时降颅压,给予神经营养剂,改善脑循环;给予糖皮质类固醇药物减轻脑水肿及视神经炎症及水肿。我们使用的杀虫剂以南京制药厂或上海天平制药厂生产的吡喹酮为主,剂量为0.4~0.6g,每日3次,口服。有时亦用肠虫清0.4g,每日3次口服。尤其在患者使用吡喹酮出现抗药时,可采用2种药物交替使用,服用10d后停2d,再进行下一疗程治疗。
1.2.2.2 手术治疗 (1)眼内囊虫,17例19眼在本院手术8例9眼。玻璃体内囊虫采用平坦部切开取出或闭合式玻璃体切除联合平坦部吸出7例8眼,视网膜下囊虫定位后巩膜切开取出1例;(2)眼外肌、眶内和球结膜下囊虫11例11眼均在直视下取出(术后病理证实为囊尾蚴)。
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