【摘要】目的:评价玻璃体切割术治疗眼内异物的疗效及其并发症发生。方法:对于200309/200803眼内异物患者48例48眼进行回顾性分析。结果:成功取出异物48眼(100%)。术前视力:无光感5眼(10.4%),<0.01的22眼(45.8%),0.01~0.1的15眼(31.3%),>0.1的6眼(12.5%),术后视力:无光感的5眼(10.4%),<0.01的12眼(25.0%),0.01~0.1的21眼(43.8%),>0.1的10眼(20.8%)。结论:应及时尽早的摘出眼内异物,对于非磁性异物,异物可着床于视网膜或位于后部玻璃体腔内,常伴有玻璃体积血或增殖,而平坦部玻璃体切割术摘出眼内异物损伤小,准确安全,有利于及时处理并发症和提高术后视力,值得推广。
【关键词】 玻璃体切割术;眼内异物;疗效
Vitrectomy in the treatment of ocular foreign bodies
Bo Yang, Yan Song
Department of Ophthalmology, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regional Peoples Hospital, Urumchi 830001, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
Abstract AIM: To evaluate the effects of vitrectomy in treatment of intraocular foreign body and its complications. METHODS: From September 2003 to March 2008, 48 cases (48 eyes) with intraocular foreign bodies were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Foreign bodies removed successfully in 48 eyes (100%). Preoperative vision: no light perception in 5 eyes (10.4%), <0.01 in 22 eyes (45.8%), 0.010.1 in 15 eyes (31.3%), > 0.1 in 6 eyes (12.5%). Postoperative vision: no light perception of 5 eyes (10.4%), <0.01 in 12 eyes (25.0%), 0.010.1 of 21 eyes (43.8%), > 0.1 in 10 eyes (20.8%). CONCLUSION: At the time of the early extraction of intraocular foreign bodies, the nonmagnetic foreign bodies, foreign bodies may be implantation in the retina at the back or the vitreous cavity, often accompanied with blood or vitreous proliferation. Vitrectomy extraction of intraocular foreign bodies has the advantages of small injury, accurateness and security. It is conducive to timely processing postoperative complications and improving vision, and is worth promoting. KEYWORDS:vitrectomy;intraocular foreign body;effect
0引言 眼内异物伤在我国是眼科领域的常见致盲眼病,若同时伴有白内障、眼内出血、眼内炎、视网膜脱离、异物机化包裹等复杂并发症,大大增加异物取出难度。严重后段穿孔伤手术效果较差,这是由于后段外伤常伴有玻璃体内纤维化及胶原增生造成复杂性视网膜脱离及睫状体损伤导致低眼压[1]。采用现代玻璃体切割手术,使手术成功率大大提高并且改善了预后,使损伤减到最少。目前,大多数学者主张对眼后段异物选择玻璃体切割术[2]。我院自2003/2008年应用玻璃体切割手术取出48例眼内异物,取得满意效果。
1对象和方法
1.1对象 本组48例中,男46例,女2例,右眼26例,左眼22例,年龄7~82(平均22.3)岁,其中磁性异物43例,非磁性异物5例,术后证实铜铁片43例,玻璃渣2例,石渣2例,木刺1例,异物最大为10mm×6mm×0.3mm,最小为0.1mm×0.2mm×0.1mm,所有病例术前均常规行X线检查,如X线检查阴性,再行MRI检查明确,异物位于玻璃体36例,嵌于视网膜12例,伴玻璃体混浊或出血44例,玻璃体清晰4例。伴有白内障24眼。手术时间:受伤小于1d 6例,2~9d 34例,10d以上8例。
1.2方法 采用德国Geuder玻璃体切割手术系统,2或3爪式异物钳或异物爪, 法国光太Viridis 532nm半导体眼内激光器,常规行平坦部三切口闭合式玻璃体切割术,伴有白内障先切除混浊晶状体,再切除玻璃体混浊和出血。对单纯玻璃体异物,先切出指向异物的玻璃体隧道后即可在直视下,用异物钳取出异物,如有纤维包裹异物,则先切除异物周围的机化粘连,如异物嵌插于视网膜,则先于异物床附近视网膜行3~4排激光光凝,然后用异物钳或异物爪插入将异物夹出,取出前仔细切除扁平部穿刺口附近基底部玻璃体,以免造成医源性裂孔,如果异物较大,不利于扁平部取出,则可于角膜缘切口取出。术中如发现锯齿缘截离,可行巩膜外冷凝。
2结果 48例48眼中眼内异物全部一次摘出成功。8例术前伴视网膜脱离,术中发现视网膜裂孔13例,术后视网膜复位19例。48例眼内异物玻璃体切割手术前后视力改变见表1。术后视力提高20眼,视力不变24眼,视力下降4眼术中摘出异物使视网膜脱离范围扩大者6例,处理后视网膜复位。视网膜出血6例,处理后血液吸收。术后晶状体混浊或加重4例。其中10例眼内注入硅油,0.5a后取出硅油并摘除晶状体。术后眼压升高者,经过降眼压和放出部分硅油,眼压控制在正常范围,4例0.5a后取出硅油后,发生复发性视网膜脱离,1例放弃治疗,3例转院。
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