【摘要】目的:探讨大植片板层角膜移植重建角膜基质和眼表结构治疗重症蚕蚀性角膜溃疡的疗效。方法:对6例(9眼)术前药物及其他手术治疗无效、病变区累及角膜1/2以上的重症蚕蚀性角膜溃疡的患者,在保留正常角膜后弹力层的基础上,彻底清除病灶,并采用带角膜缘干细胞的大植片板层角膜移植。术后予以10g/L环胞霉素A+皮质类固醇眼液滴眼。结果:术后9眼刺激症状缓解,角巩膜创面光滑,角膜植片透明,愈合良好,视力逐渐提高。经过平均20.6mo随访,眼表保持稳定,未见溃疡复发,除角膜层间新生血管及上皮型排斥反应外,未出现明显并发症。结论:采用新鲜的带环形巩膜瓣的全角膜板层移植术,配合术后长期应用皮质类固醇和免疫抑制剂,是目前治疗复发性蚕蚀性角膜溃疡最有效的手术方法。
【关键词】 蚕食性角膜溃疡;板层角膜移植
Largediameter lamellar keratoplasty in the treatment of severe moorens ulcer ophthalmology department
LiXia Yang, XiangRong Zheng, MeiZhu Chen, PengFen Gao, YunPeng Wang
Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Fuzhou, Fuzhou 350025, Fujian Province, China
Correspondence to: LiXia Yang. Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Fuzhou, Fuzhou 350025, Fujian Province, China. ylx0915[email protected]
Abstract AIM: To evaluate the effect of largediameter lamellar keratoplasty (LKP) on reconstruction of corneal stroma and epithelium in the treatment of severe Moorens ulcer. METHODS: Six cases (9 eyes) of severe Moorens ulcer were treated with largediameter LKP. All of them responded poorly to the conventional therapy. More than 6 oclock positions of limbus before operation were involved. After thorough debridement of the ulcer floor with reserve of normal Descemets membrane, largediameter LKP with limbus stem cell was performed. 10g/L cyelosporine A eyedrops and topical corticosteroids were used postoperatively. RESULTS: After operation, subjective symptoms subsided, operation area of cornea and sclera became smooth, cornea became clear, epithelium healed and remained stable, visual acuities were improved. There were no recurrence of corneal ulcer, no other complications except neovascularization and epithelial rejection during the mean 20.6 months followup. CONCLUSION: Fresh largediameter LKP with annular sclera lamellar combined with longterm topical corticosteroids and immune depressor administration is the most effective treatment for recurrent Moorens ulcer. KEYWORDS: Moorens ulcer; lamellar keratoplasty
0引言
蚕蚀性角膜溃疡是一种慢性、进行性、疼痛性、致盲性角膜溃疡,临床上虽不常见,但治疗颇为棘手,虽然药物和手术治疗取得了很多进展,但由于其病因至今尚未真正明确,故治疗上仍不能彻底解决复发问题。我院自2002年至今采用大植片板层角膜移植手术[1]治疗重症蚕蚀性角膜溃疡6例(9眼),随访至今,疗效肯定,未见溃疡复发,现报告如下。
1对象和方法
1.1对象
蚕蚀性角膜溃疡患者6例(9眼),男5例(8眼),女1例(1眼)。年龄为40~65(平均50.4)岁。单眼3例,双眼3例。病程是3~7a。眼部均有明显疼痛,畏光、流泪等刺激症状,视力:眼前指数者3眼,0.02~0.1者5眼,0.2者1眼。角膜病变范围 >1/2者2例(3眼),>2/3者3例(5眼),>3/4者1例(1眼)。病变深度达基质层4眼,达深基质层5眼。2/3以上的角膜伴不同程度新生血管长入。其中5眼曾接受球结膜切除+巩膜烧灼术、球结膜切除+羊膜移植术或板层角膜移植术。
1.2方法
(1)患眼植床处理:沿角膜缘剪开球结膜,环状切除距角膜缘5mm以内的球结膜及结膜下组织,彻底止血。距角膜缘3mm作环形巩膜板层分离并向角膜中央分离,彻底清除病灶达后弹力层,冲洗结膜囊,去除结膜囊内脱落的坏死组织及血凝块。(2)供眼处理:植片均来源于新鲜同种异体角膜,取材时修剪保留球结膜1mm宽,去除结膜下组织,尽量不损伤角膜缘部组织,用环钻在距角膜缘后3mm巩膜上打印,然后向角膜方向作板层分离,越过角膜缘时用虹膜恢复器插入角膜板层,上下、左右分离,尽量接近后弹力层,但勿穿破,分离成功后冲洗植片并铺于植床上,10/0尼龙线紧密间断缝合巩膜16~18针,连续缝合球结膜,或者不缝合球结膜,暴露巩膜面3mm,再次冲洗结膜囊。术毕结膜下注射地塞米松2.5mg。术后绷带加压包扎48h。地塞米松10mg+抗生素静滴,1次/d,连用5~7d,改为强的松口服逐渐减量,维持3~6mo。局部皮质类固醇眼液、抗生素眼液及角膜营养液点眼,4~6次/d。1mo后给予5~10g/L环孢霉素A眼液点眼,持续6~12mo。
2结果
术后9眼刺激症状明显缓解,无眼痛症状。视力均提高,达到0.1以上5眼,最佳达0.5。角巩膜创面情况:角巩膜暴露面光滑,愈合良好,14~20d后球结膜即可生长至角膜缘,覆盖全部巩膜面,球结膜充血持续1~2mo后逐渐消退,无结膜的坏死及愈合不良。角膜植片情况:大植片全板层角膜移植术后角膜植片均轻度水肿、混浊,5~7d后逐渐消退,14~20d后角膜植片趋于透明。未出现双前房及角膜溶解现象。2mo左右层间出现新生血管(+~+++),逐渐向角膜中央发展,角膜的清晰度略有下降,10~18mo后新生血管逐渐萎缩,角膜恢复透明。5眼在术后1~2mo间移植片上皮出现隆起的灰白色不规则弧形或环形上皮排斥线,从周边向中央移动,荧光素染色呈阳性,经增加10g/L环孢霉素A眼液及皮质类固醇眼液的点眼次数,辅以角膜再生营养等药物治疗后,被排斥的部位很快被受体角膜上皮细胞所取代,随访6~48mo,角膜表面稳定,未发生明显基质型排斥反应,亦未见原发病灶复发。本组有1眼因外伤致角膜上皮缺损,经2mo治疗后逐渐愈合,无上皮糜烂现象。
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