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3防治晶状体后囊膜混浊前景展望
已经有多种不同方法用于防治PCO。术中行晶状体囊膜抛光可以有效减少晶状体上皮细胞的数量。但是，目前看来，通过这种方法不可能完全去除所有细胞，并且少量残留细胞可以引起后囊再生。与手术相关的技术改进主要针对眼内晶状体的创新。制备人工晶状体的材料有多种，各种人工晶状体在防治PCO发生的作用主要是由晶状体的物理特性决定的。现在认为，直角型晶状体能够形成一个屏障阻止细胞向后囊生长。这种设计方法的改进无疑对于防治后发性白内障是有效果的，但是仍不能完全杜绝后发性白内障的发生[24]。
目前有大量的药物通过体外抑制晶状体细胞的增长来防治PCO[25-29]。临床上，目前有3种方法通过药物减少细胞的增长，包括药物直接注入到前房，调整灌注液成分，调整人工晶状体成分。问题是，这些药物释放对其他组织有毒性作用，尤其是对角膜内皮的伤害。目前，释放药物的最佳途径就是通过人工晶状体，这样能便于控制药物的释放，同时局部达到较高浓度有利于原位抑制有潜在增殖能力的细胞。事实上，将人工晶状体的襻修饰上细胞毒性药物能够直接将药物释放到赤道部细胞。Behar-Cohen[26]曾经观了将FGF-皂草素复合物结合到肝素表面处理的人工晶状体后植入兔眼的效果，皂草素通过FGF与上皮细胞受体结合，并杀死细胞。这种方案出现了一些副作用，包括暂时性角膜水肿和虹膜色素沉着。药物释放系统既需要有保护作用有能够保证有用的药物释放。也有一些研究针对了药物缓释系统，这些材料通常是不透明，不能放置视轴部位，但可以应用到囊袋内张力环或襻上。
总之，用于研究防治后发行白内障的研究工作除了在人工晶体的改进方面取得了较大进步外，在研究方法上及细胞分子生物学方面也取得了可喜成绩，但还有许多问题需要解决。应用细胞分子生物学技术治疗后囊膜混浊是未来治疗后发性白内障的有效手段。
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