3 讨论
高浓度葡萄糖可以通过很多途径造成内皮细胞损伤. 葡萄糖进入E C 后可以扰乱D N A 的功能, 使D N A 单链断裂发生率升高, 如果D N A 损伤严重不能修复,则E C 发生凋亡_9 一⋯. S a b i n a 等¨ 。。的研究结果表明高糖可以引起血管内皮细胞的凋亡. G r a i e r等_ l 纠认为高糖可能通过自由基损害膜蛋白、酶和核酸,抑制E C 增殖,使细胞增殖率下降,诱导内皮细胞凋亡. 本研究对提取的E C 的D N A 进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳,结果显示高糖组的EC在5 d和7 d时均可见DNA ladder,提示高浓度葡萄糖促进了EC凋亡.而Ang一高糖组的EC未见DNA ladder,提示Ang一1不仅可以通过激活磷酸肌醇3.激酶/蛋白激酶B(PI3K/Akt)跨膜信号传导通路,抑制线粒体酶释放,上调凋亡抑制基因survivin的表达,保护生理环境中的EC免受调亡 H ,也能保护高糖环境中的Ec免受凋亡.高糖组Ec单层的6降低,kf增加,而Ang.高糖组EC单层的8和kf变化不明显,说明高糖组EC单层的通透性增加,Ang-高糖组EC单层的通透性变化不明显.高浓度葡萄糖造成的EC单层通透性增加很可能是由于高糖组的EC凋亡增加,导致滤膜表面存活的细胞数量减少,存活细胞之间的间隙增大,原本致密的Ec单层受损所致.与高糖组不同,Ang.高糖组的EC单层通透性变化不明显,说明Ang.1能降低高糖环境中Ec通透性,其原因可能是Ang 1抑制了高糖环境中EC的凋亡,使滤膜表面存活的EC较多,EC单层受损较轻,因而通透性变化不明显.由于Ang一1也能促进血小板内皮细胞粘附分子.1在细胞连接处的聚集,降低E.选择素的表达,降低血管内皮钙粘附素和PECAM.1的磷酸化,抑制肿瘤坏死因子一ot介导的白细胞游出,抑制EC凋亡_6 J.所以,Ang一1在高糖环境降低Ec单层通透性的机制尚待进一步研究.
【参考文献】
[1]Frank RN.On the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.A 1990 up—date[J].Ophthalmology,1991,98(5):586—593.
[2]Suri C,Jones PF,Patan S,et al Requisite role of angiopoietin一1,aligand for the TIE2 receptor,during embryonic angiogenesis[J].Cell,1996,87(7):1171—1180.[3]Sato TN,Tozawa Y,Deutsch U,et a1.Distinct roles ofthe receptortyrosine kinases Tie·1 and Tie-2 in blood vessel formation[J】.Na—ture,1995,376(6535):70—74.
[4]Thurston G,Rudge JS,Lofe E,et a1.An~opoietin—l protects the a—duh vasculature against plasma leakage[J].Nat Med,2000,6(4):460—463.
[5]Thurston G,Suri C,Smith K,et a1.Leakage-resistant blood vesselsin mice transgenieally overexpressing angiopoietin一1[J].Science,1999,286(5449):2511—2514.
[6]Gamble JR,Drew J,Trezise L,et a1.Angiopoietin一1 is an antipermeabilityand anti—inflammatory agent in vitro and targets cel junc—tions[J].Circ Res,2000,87(7):603—607.
[7]Postlethwaite AE,Snyderman R,Kang AH.The chemotactie attrac—tion of human fibroblasts to a lymphocyte—derived factor[J].J ExpMed,1976,144(5):l188—1203.
[8]丁自强,李少华,吴中立.白蛋白对内皮细胞单层屏障功能的增强作用[J].中国病理生理杂志,1994,10(3):231—234.
[9]Lorenzi M,Montisano DF,Toledo S,et a1.Hiigh glucose inducesDNA damage in cultured endothelial cells[J].J Clin Invest,1986,77(1):322—325.
[10]Sehonfelder U,H0 r A,Paul M,et a1.In situ observation or livingperieytes in rat retinal c apillaries[J].Miemvas Res,1998,56(1):22—29.
[1 1]Sabina M,Baumgartner—Parzer SM,Wagner L,et a1.High—gluc0se—triggered apoptosis in cultured endothelial cells[J].Diabetes,1995,44(11):1323—1327.
[12]Graier WF,Grubenthal I,Dittrich P,et a1.Interaeellar mechanismof high D--glucose--induced modulation of vascular cell proliferation[J].Eur J Pharmacol,1995,294(1):221—229.
1 13]Hadouche R,Hassessian HM,Guo Y,et a1.Mechanisms whichmediate the antiapoptotic efects of angiopoietin—l on endothelial ceHs[J].Microvasc Res,2002,64(1):135—147.
[14]Papapetropoulos A,Fulton D,Mahboubi K,et a1.Angiopoietin—linhibits endothelial cel apoptosis via the Akt/Survivin pathway[J].Biol Chem,2000,275(13):9102—9105.
编辑许昌泰
上一页 [1] [2] [3] [4] |