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3 抑制血管新生的因素
新生血管在糖尿病视网膜病变、动脉粥样硬化等疾病中具有重要的病理生理意义，所以抑制血管新生是防治这些疾病的关键。目前，在研究中的血管新生抑制剂有很多种，归纳起来有以下几类：(1)阻断VEGF：①PF-4等能非特异性阻断VEGF与VEGFR结合，抑制血管内皮细胞增殖、游走，阻止新生血管形成。②一些小分子化合物，如SV1498等可阻断VEGF受体下游的信号传导。③VEGF的反义cDNA可阻断VEGF基因表达[16]。④VEGF抗体如VEGF的可溶性受体等。(2)血管抑素：血管抑素能抑制内皮细胞增殖，促进其凋亡，并能抑制内皮祖细胞生长[17]。(3)内皮抑素：内皮抑素能抑制内皮细胞迁移和诱导其凋亡[18]。(4)纤溶酶原Kringle5：纤溶酶原Kringle5能使血管内皮细胞生长周期静止，促其凋亡[19]，特异性抑制血管内皮细胞增殖、迁移和新生血管形成。
总之，新生血管具有结构简单，易破裂出血，通透性高，增殖旺盛等生物学特性，这些性质在相关疾病的发生发展中起重要作用。新生血管的生物学特性还有待进一步研究，这将有助于探索相关疾病的发病机制，并可为其防治提供新的方向。
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