【摘要】 目的 通过对在白内障术中植入四种非球面人工晶状体(intraocular lens,IOL)(Z9003、Acrysoft SN60WF、KS-3Ai和Acri.smart 36A)的患眼进行波前像差和对比敏感度的比较分析,以客观评价非球面人工晶状体的临床效果。
方法 选取2007年3月至2007年9月间到我院进行白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术的患者91例(114眼),年龄在60~70岁之间,平均年龄(64.4±5.0)岁。将其随机分成5组:Ⅰ组Tecnis Z9003(AMO),22例(27眼);Ⅱ组Acrysoft SN60WF(Alcon),24例(30眼);Ⅲ组KS-3Ai(Canon Staar),18例(25眼);Ⅳ组Acri.Smart 36A(ACRI.Tec),10例(12眼);Ⅴ组AR40e(AMO),17例(20眼)。植入的人工晶状体度数为18.50~25.50 D,平均为(21.16±2.53)D。术后第3个月检测患者的主观症状、视力情况、波前像差和对比敏感度。运用方差分析方法对各组的波前像差及对比敏感度进行两两比较分析。
结果 术后3个月内均未发现任何并发症和后发障,而且IOL亦无偏心和倾斜。各组裸眼视力均≥4.8,最佳矫正视力均≥4.9。?譹?訛不同瞳孔直径下(4、5、6 mm),四组非球面IOL的球面像差(Z40)<球面IOL组(P<0.05),四组非球面IOL之间球面像差(Z40)差异无统计学意义,但有如下趋势:Ⅰ组<Ⅱ组<Ⅳ组<Ⅲ组,在对比敏感度(wog、wg、readaption test)的比较中与球差的趋势相同。?譺?訛不同瞳孔直径下(4、5、6 mm),四组非球面IOL第三阶像差均方根(3th-order RMS)与球面IOL组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),显示了五组IOL均有良好的囊袋稳定性。?譻?訛不同瞳孔直径下(4、5、6 mm),四组非球面IOL的四阶像差均方根(4th-order RMS)<球面IOL组(P<0.05),四组非球面IOL之间的第四阶像差均方根(4th-order RMS)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。?譼?訛在瞳孔直径为4 mm和5 mm时,非球面IOL组与球面IOL组(total HOA RMS)的高阶像差均方根(total HOA RMS)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);当瞳孔直径增大到6 mm时,非球面IOL组<球面IOL组(P<0.05)。
结论 五组IOL均可提高术后视力,四组非球面IOL可以降低球差,使患者拥有更好的视觉质量,但四组间也存在着细微的差别。
【关键词】 晶体,人工;非球面;波前像差;对比敏感度
Comparison of different types of aspherical IOLs based on wavefront aberration analysis
TA Na*, ZHANG Fengju.
* Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian China, 116011
[Abstract] Objective To assess the visual quality of eyes with four types of aspherical intraocular lens implants by analyzing higher-order aberrations.
Methods Ninety-one patients (114 eyes) with cataract volunteered to undergo surgery from March to September 2007 and were randomly divided into 5 groups. Group Ⅰ included 22 patients (27 eyes): Z9003 (AMO); Group Ⅱ included 24 patients (30 eyes): AcrySof IQ SN60WF (Alcon); Group Ⅲ included 18 patients (25 eyes): KS-3Ai (Cannonstaar); Group Ⅳ included 10 patients (12 eyes): Acri.Smart 36A (Germany); Group Ⅴ included 17 patients (20 eyes): AR40e (AMO). Patients with glaucoma, retinal pathology, age-related macular degeneration and other complications were excluded from the study. All surgery was performed by the same doctor. Patients were examined 3 months after surgery for complaints of discomfort, visual acuity and the position of the IOL. Wavefront aberrations were measured across different pupil diameters (4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm) using an aberration analyzer (Wavelight, Germany) and contrast sensitivity was tested with the Kontrastometer BA-4 (Bkg Medizin Technik, Germany). The following contrast measurements were done: without glare--wog, with glare--wg, red contrast measurement--red test, and a readaptation test. ANOVA was used to analyze the data at 3 months postoperatively. Results The average uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was ≥4.8 and the average best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was ≥4.9 in all groups. The values of Z40 and RMS4 in the four aspherical IOL groups were significantly lower than that for the spherical IOL group at all different pupil diameters (P<0.05). The value of RMSh for the four aspherical IOL groups was significantly lower than that of the spherical IOL group only at a 6 mm pupil diameter. The changes in the values of Z40 and RMS4 among the four aspherical groups were in the following order: group Z90030.05). There were no significant differences in RMS3 among the five groups at different pupil diameters (P>0.05). Contrast sensitivity was not significantly different among the four aspherical IOL groups (P>0.05) but all of them had lower contrast sensitivity than the spherical group Ⅴ (P<0.05).
Conclusion The changes in the values of Z40 and RMS4 among the four aspherical groups were in the following order: group Z9003
[Key words] lens, intraocular; aspherical; wavefront aberration; contrast sensitivity
白内障超声乳化摘除联合人工晶状体(intraocular lens,IOL)植入术是目前治疗白内障的主要方法。随着人们生活水平的不断提高,人们对术后视觉质量要求也越来越高。随着波前像差这一物理光学概念在眼科学视光学领域中的广泛应用,研究发现视觉质量的下降与像差的影响有直接关系。年轻人晶状体具有负性球差,角膜具有正性球差[1-2],两者彼此中和抵消使眼的总球差处于低水平。随着年龄的增长, 晶状体的负性球差逐渐向正向转变,使得全眼球差的平衡状态发生改变,从而造成了全眼球差增加,视功能的降低[3-4]。植入传统的球面IOL不但不能中和角膜的正球差,而且还增加了全眼的球差。正是基于此,非球面设计的具有负性球差的非球面IOL应运而生。本研究通过对白内障术中分别植入非球面IOL和传统的球面IOL的患眼进行波前像差和对比敏感度的比较分析,以客观评价各种非球面IOL的临床效果。
1 资料和方法
1.1 一般资料 随机选取2007年3月至2007年9月间到我院进行白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术的患者91例(114眼),男61例,女30例,年龄为60~70岁,平均年龄为(64.5±5.0)岁。排除那些术后除了人工晶状体因素导致的裸眼视力(uncorrected visual acuity,UCVA)<4.8,最佳矫正视力(best corrected visual acuity,BCVA)<4.9,人工晶状体度数不在8.50~25.50 D的患者。排除角膜变性、青光眼、葡萄膜炎、年龄相关性黄斑变性、高度近视、眼部手术及外伤史、糖尿病等相关眼科及全身疾病。所有患者在手术前均知情同意并签署手术同意书。
根据患者入院的先后顺序选择植入的IOL,第一例植入Tecnis Z9003(AMO),第二例植入Acrysoft SN60WF(Alcon),第三例植入KS-3Ai(Canon Staar),第四例植入Acri.Smart 36A(ACRI.Tec),第五例植入AR40e(AMO),依此类推,做到随机分组。分组情况如下:Ⅰ组Tecnis Z9003(AMO),22例(27眼);Ⅱ组Acrysoft SN60WF(Alcon),24例(30眼);Ⅲ组KS-3Ai(Canon Staar),18例(25眼);Ⅳ组Acri.Smart 36A(ACRI.Tec),10例(12眼);Ⅴ组AR40e(AMO),17例(20眼)。植入的人工晶状体度数为18.50~25.50 D,均值为(21.16±2.53)D。
1.2 手术方法 手术均由同一医师使用同一台超声乳化仪(Soverign,AMO)在显微镜下进行常规手术操作,术中无晶状体后囊膜破裂等并发症发生。术后开始使用非甾体激素类眼药水及激素类眼药水,每日4次点眼,逐周递减1次,半个月后停药。
1.3 术后检查
1.3.1 检测项目 术后第3个月检测患者主观不适感、视力、裂隙灯、眼压、主客观验光、波前像差及对比敏感度。
1.3.2 检测方法 ?譹?訛采用国际标准E视力表检测5 m距离远视力。?譺?訛在裂隙灯显微镜下检测患者后发障及人工晶状体位置。?譻?訛用非接触式眼压计测量3次眼压并取其平均值。?譼?訛波前像差检测采用美多丽(托吡卡胺)滴眼液散大瞳孔(≥7 mm),将主客观验光结果输入波前像差分析仪(Wavelight,Germany),每眼由同一位有经验的医师检查4次,选取可重复性好的像差图且X、Y、Z轴误差均<0.1并与检影验光结果相符合的图像进行分析,并记录相关数据。?譽?訛对比敏感度测试应用Kontrastometer BA-4(Germany)测试,包括无闪光对比度检查(contrast measurement without glare--WOG)、有闪光对比度检查(contrast measurement with glare--WG)、重新适应时间检查(readaption test)三种情况,检测前戴矫正眼镜使视力达到最佳,向患者讲明测量方法并使其熟练掌握,其对比度数值以百分数表示(0%~500%),对比度数值越大,患者的对比度视功能越差,检测后记录其结果。
1.4 统计学方法 本研究采用12.0软件包,采用方差分析和t检验进行统计学分析。
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