作者:胡义珍,唐琼燕
作者单位:(430022)中国湖北省武汉市,华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院眼科
【摘要】 目的:探讨褪黑素(melatonin, MT)对大鼠视网膜缺血再灌注损伤(retina ischemia reperfusion injury, RIR)中神经节细胞(retina ganglion cells, RGC)的防护和修复作用。
方法:健康SD大鼠24只随机分为A组和B组。两组均利用前房高眼压灌注法制成左眼RIR模型,A组每日给予溶媒(100mL/L无水乙醇生理盐水)1mL/kg ip,B组每日给予5g/L MT1mL/kg ip,直至处死动物。两组按左眼RIR后的存活时间又分为3小组:A1和B1组(损伤后7d),A2和B2组(损伤后14d),A3和B3组(损伤后30d),每组各4只。于处死前7d由双上丘和双外侧膝状体注射30g/L fluorogold(FG)标记双眼RGC,处死日行双眼眼球摘除术,将全视网膜组织铺片置于荧光显微镜下,分鼻上、鼻下、颞上、颞下4个区域作荧光摄影,并输入计算机经图像分析系统计数RGC,计算RGC标识率(即损伤眼RGC数/未损伤眼RGC数)×100%,作统计学分析。
结果:A1, A2, A3 3组RGC标识率分别为77.2%±6.4%, 65.5%±7.0%, 53.9%±4.4%; B1, B2, B3 3组RGC标识率分别为81.3%±9.3%, 79.8%±8.4%, 80.3%±11.1%。
结论:大鼠RIR后MT治疗可提高RGC存活率。
【关键词】 褪黑素;视网膜神经节细胞;保护
The neuroprotective effect of melatonin on retinal ganglion cells in rats
Yi-Zhen Hu, Qiong-Yan Tang
Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
Abstract AIM: To investigate the neuroprotective effect of melatonin on retinal ganglion cells (RGC) in rats with ischemia reperfusion injury (RIR).METHODS: Twenty-four healthy SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: group A and group B. RIR model was induced in the left eyes by increasing the pressure of the anterior chamber. Group A were treated with 100mL/L alcohol-natrii chloridum 1mL/(kg·d) i.p., Group B with 5g/L MT 1mlL (kg·d) i.p.. According to the time interval between the left eyes RIR and the sacrifice, both group A and group B were further divided into three subgroups: A1 and B1 (day 7), A2 and B2 (day 14), A3 and B3 (day 30), with 4 rats in each subgroup. Seven days before sacrifice, 30g/L fluorogold was injected into the superior colliculi and geniculate body bilaterally. The eyes were enucleated after the rats was sacrificed, and flat mounts of the retina from both eyes were prepared on a slide and observed under a fluorescence microscope. Four photos were taken from each of the four quadrants of the retina. The labeled RGC were counted by a computerized image analyzer. The labeled RGC rate was used for statistical analysis (the labeled RGC rate=number of RGC in injured eye / control eye×100%). RESULTS: In group A, the labeled RGC rates were 77.2%±6.4%, 65.5%±7.0% and 53.9%±4.4% on day 7, 14 and 30. In group B, the labeled RGC rates were 81.3%±9.3%, 79.8%±8.4% and 80.3%±11.1% on day 7, 14 and 30. In group B, which was treated with MT after RIR, the labeled RGC rate was significantly higher than that in group A on day 14 and 30 (LSD test, P <0.05).
· CONCLUSION: MT therapy can increase the survival rate of the RGC in the RIR rats.
· KEYWORDS: melatonin; retina ganglion cells; neuroprotective effect
0引言
青光眼是全球第4位致盲眼病,主要表现为眼压升高和视野缺损,有相当一部分青光眼虽然眼压控制到正常或偏低水平,仍然不能阻止视神经损害的进展,保护视神经已成为临床和科研的当务之急。视网膜神经节细胞(RGC)的进行性凋亡是青光眼不可逆性视功能损害的病理基础。研究表明, 视网膜在RIR后表现为神经细胞的进行性凋亡,其中神经节细胞最敏感[1]。我们应用褪黑素(MT)治疗左眼RIR的大鼠,通过观察RIR后RGC的存活情况,探讨MT对视神经损伤是否有防护和修复作用。
1材料和方法
1.1材料 MT(C13H16N2O2), Mr 232.2,纯度99.9%,购自浙江黄岩延年褪黑素有限公司,临用前以100mL/L无水乙醇生理盐水溶解后配成5g/L的溶液[2,3]。荧光金(fluorogold,FG)购自美国Biotium公司。健康SD大鼠24只,雌性,质量200~250g,无明显眼部疾患,由华中科技大学同济医学院动物实验中心提供。大鼠按随机数字表法分成A组和B组,各12只,均制成左眼RIR模型,右眼不予任何处理。A组制模后每日给予溶媒(100mL/L无水乙醇生理盐水)1mL/kg ip,直至处死。B组制模后每日给予5g/L MT1mL/kg ip (即5mg/kg ip),直至处死。A, B两组按左眼RIR至处死日动物的存活时间又随机分成:A1和B1组(损伤后7d),A2和B2组(损伤后14d),A3和B3组(损伤后30d),每组各4只。
1.2方法 大鼠以100mL/L水合氯醛3mL/kg ip麻醉,鼠台固定四肢及头部,抗生素眼药水滴左眼,将连接生理盐水输液管的5号半头皮针沿颞侧角膜缘刺入大鼠左眼前房,然后升高输液瓶至瓶与动物眼垂直距离为150cm处,观察并监测当输液瓶内的液体无向眼内滴注时,可见球结膜苍白,虹膜迅速变白,检眼镜检查发现视网膜苍白水肿,说明视网膜中央动脉的供血已被完全阻断。间歇以抗生素眼药水滴眼以保持角膜湿润并预防感染。持续形成高眼压造成视网膜缺血60min后[4],拔出输液针头,虹膜及球结膜颜色迅速恢复正常,检眼镜观察眼底可见视网膜呈橘红色,说明阻断的血管重新开放,已形成缺血再灌注损伤(RIR)模型[5]. A组大鼠RIR前30min给予溶媒1mL/kg ip,RIR后以溶媒1mL/kg ip方式给药,直至处死动物。B组大鼠RIR前30min给予5g/L MT 1mL/kg ip, RIR后以5g/L MT 1mL/kg ip方式给药,直至处死动物。大鼠处死前7d,于双上丘和双外侧膝状体注射30g/L FG逆行标记双眼RGC[6](FG可在细胞内长期存留,7~60d无明显衰减[7])。操作方法:大鼠以100mL/L水合氯醛3mL/kg ip麻醉,固定于大鼠脑立体定位仪(同济医学院神经解剖脑研究室提供)上,以Bregma点为零点,后移6.8mm, 旁开1.6mm, 深度4.0mm为上丘;以Bregma点为零点,后移4.6mm, 旁开3.8mm, 深度5.6mm为外侧膝状体(深度为距颅骨表面的距离)。牙科钻钻骨孔,用5μL微量进样器依次经4个骨孔缓慢匀速注入30g/L FG各1.5μL,1min内注毕,留针3~5min后将微量进样器缓慢退出。青霉素5万U, 肌肉注射3d,预防头部伤口感染。ip过量100mL/L水合氯醛处死大鼠,取出双眼眼球固定于40g/L中性甲醛溶液中2.5h,沿角膜缘后0.5mm剪开,去掉角膜和晶状体,分离视网膜并将其平铺于载玻片上,市售甘油封片[8]。距离视盘中心2mm的鼻上、鼻下、颞上、颞下4个方向,使用日本Olympus-DP70型荧光显微镜进行荧光拍照,放大100倍。将照片输入计算机,采用HMIAS-2000型高清晰度彩色医学图文分析系统(武汉千屏影像技术有限责任公司产品)计数被标记的RGC。每只眼4个象限RGC数相加为该眼RGC总数。计算每只大鼠的RGC标识率=(每只大鼠损伤眼RGC数/未损伤眼RGC数)×100%。
统计学处理:所得数据采用SPSS统计分析软件12.0版进行单向方差分析(ANOVA)和LSD检验。
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