2.4 扶正祛邪 扶正祛邪是中医最重要的治则之一。现代眼科视光学与视觉科学的大量研究早已证实:对于处于生长发育期的各种动物从禽类到灵长类,凸透镜有抑制与阻止眼球长长和近视眼发生发展的“正的”作用,而用于矫正近视眼的凹透镜则有诱导与促进眼球增长和近视眼发生发展的“邪的”作用[3~9,11~14,22]。按照中医扶正祛邪原则,我们应当及时应用凸透镜防止学生近视眼的发生和发展,尽量避免、减轻凹透镜的副作用。
2.5 因时、因地、因人制宜 学生近用与远用眼镜度数有很大差别。由于凹透镜能够诱导近视,远用的近视眼镜长时间用于视近显然不利于学生近视控制,甚至有促进近视发展的现实危险[4,11,22]。在长期的视光学临床实践中,笔者注意到许多学生配戴近视眼镜后读写距离依然很近,甚至更近了。因此,按照中医三因制宜原则,根据每个学生的读写习惯与对于视标清晰度要求的不同,为其及时配戴能够满足其视远、视近不同要求的眼镜,将能有效减少对于凹透镜的依赖,而使凸透镜的应用机会和配戴时间大大增加,对于近视眼的防控具有重要意义[3~9,11~14]。
3 小结
综上所述,广大中西医眼视光学工作者与广大儿少/学校卫生工作者,大力弘扬中华优秀传统医药文化,使我们的广大教师、广大学生家长,特别是广大儿童青少年学生本人,使所有炎黄子孙自幼都能享受到中华优秀传统医药文化的熏陶,将其自觉应用到视力健康教育、健康促进与爱眼、护眼等视力保护与近视眼防治实践当中去,对于儿童与青少年学生近视眼镜的科学验配,对于有效保护学生眼睛与视力健康,进而提高全民视力健康水平,将具有革命性的重大意义[1,6~9,11~14,22~28]。
(致谢!本文承教育部全国学生近视眼防治专家领导小组组长北京大学眼科中心李淑珍教授审阅,特此致谢!)
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