灵长目前房相关免疫偏离的诱导和维持不需要脾脏的完整性 眼科研究 2000年第1期第18卷 实验研究
作者:李志杰 彭广华 李辰
单位:广州,暨南大学组织移植与免疫实验中心,眼科学教研室 510632
关键词:前房相关免疫偏离;免疫赦免;免疫调控;脾脏;灵长目
摘要 目的观察脾脏在灵长目前房相关免疫偏离(ACAID)诱导和维持中的作用。方法按照经典方法在猴眼建立ACAID模型。在前房抗原接种前切除脾脏。通过观察对抗原特异性迟发型超敏反应(DTH)的抑制来确定ACAID的诱导和维持。结果在单纯脾脏切除组动物均显示阳性DTH反应;但在单纯前房抗原接种组、脾脏切除加前房抗原接种组均显示阴性DTH反应,且维持时间无显著差异。结论灵长目ACAID的诱导和维持不需要功能性脾脏的存在。实验为研究人眼的免疫调控机制奠定了基础。
分类号 R770.3
Induction and maintenance of anterior chamber-associated immune deviation
don’t require an intact,functional spleen in primates Li Zhijie Peng Guanghua Li Chen (Research Section of Ophthalmology,Institute of Tissue Transplantation %26 Immunology,Jinan University,Guangzhou 510632)
Abstract ObjectiveTo investigate the role of spleen in the induction and maintenance of anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID) in primates.MethodsA soluble antigen,bovine serum albumin(BSA) or normal saline was inoculated into the anterior chamber of cynomolgus monkeys with sham-splenectomy and splenectomy.Recipient animals were immunized with BSA and complete Freund’s adjuvant.Delayed-type hypersensitivity(DTH) was assessed by skin challenge.The maintenance time of deviant immune response was evaluated in the fixed interval.Results Positive DTH reactions were induced in the control animals only with splenectomy.Antigen-inoculated animals with sham-splenectomy showed negative DTH reaction.Antigen-inoculated animals with splenectomy also showed negative DTH reaction.In addition,the maintenance time of ACAID was not significantly different between the sham-splenectomized and splenectomized monkeys.Conclusions Monkeys resemble mice in displaying ACAID when they first encounter an antigen via the anterior chamber,but the induction and maintenance of ACAID don’t require intact,functional spleen.We believe that the function of spleen may be replaced by that of other lymphatic organs as the evolution results of primates including human.The findings suggest that human eyes have more complex mechanisms of immune privilege.Primate eyes offer another model to further explore the mechanisms of ACAID for human eyes.
Key words anterior chamber-associated immune deviation immune privilege immune regulation spleen primat
眼是典型的免疫赦免器官之一,针对外来抗原的刺激产生一种偏离式的免疫反应,主要表现为抗原特异性迟发型超敏反应(delayed-type hypersensitivity,DTH)和补体结合性抗体反应的缺陷,但却保留抗原特异性细胞毒T细胞反应和非补体结合性抗体反应。这种特殊形式的免疫反应被称为前房相关免疫偏离terior chamber-associated immune deviation,ACAID)[1]。在小鼠模型进行的研究表明,ACAID的诱导和维持需要眼和脾脏解剖学的完整性[1,2,3]。从眼释放的诱导信号通过静脉途径迁移至脾脏,激活抗原特异性抑制性T细胞,从而诱导偏离式的免疫效应。如果在抗原接种后短期内(3~6天)摘除眼球或脾脏,都可消除ACAID的诱导,此现象被称为ACAID的“眼-脾轴效应”。但该效应是否也存在于人类眼还不清楚。本实验在非人类的灵长目猕猴建立模型观察了ACAID的诱导和维持情况,旨在探索人类眼的免疫调控机制。
1 材料与方法
1.1 实验动物与分组 封闭群猕猴,雄性12只,4~6岁。随机分为3组:(1)单纯脾脏切除组;(2)单纯前房抗原接种组;(3)脾脏切除加前房抗原接种组。
1.2 脾脏切除术 使用氯胺酮(25mg/kg体重)和氯丙嗪(25mg/kg体重)肌肉注射全麻,左侧腹壁切口,暴露并游离脾脏,结扎血管和蒂部,切除脾脏。 1.3 前房抗原接种 参照文献程序[4,5]。全身麻醉,1%的卡因表面麻醉。在右眼角膜缘内1mm使用微量注射器前房穿刺,抽取100μl房水,然后循原针孔将0.5%牛血清白蛋白(bovine serum albumin,BSA)100μl注入前房。
1.4 DTH的诱导和测量 参照文献程序[4,5]。在单纯脾脏切除组,使用BSA(0.05%)和完全福氏佐剂(1∶1)混合乳剂皮下注射以免疫动物。1周后,在胸部左侧皮内注射0.5%BSA100μl于2个部位,右侧注射生理盐水作为阴性对照。在脾脏切除加前房抗原接种组和单纯前房抗原接种组,前房接种BSA1周后,将BSA和完全福氏佐剂混悬乳剂注射于前肢皮下免疫动物;再1周后,在胸部左侧皮内注射抗原2个部位,右侧注射生理盐水作为阴性对照。24h后,测量红斑直径。大于5mm者视为阳性反应。
1.5 ACAID维持时间的检测 在第1次诱导DTH反应后,每隔20天诱导DTH反应1次。将出现DTH阳性的前1次诱导时间作为免疫偏离的维持时间。
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