[摘要] 目的 探讨氪激光周边虹膜成形术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼急性发作的安全性和有效性。方法 原发性闭角型青光眼第一次急性发作者,经检查确诊后立即给予1%匹罗卡品及0.5%噻吗心安点眼,1 h后眼压仍不能下降至40 mm Hg以下者24例24眼行氪激光周边虹膜成形术,观察治疗前及治疗后30 min、1、2、24 h的症状、视力、角膜水肿、眼压及前房角变化。结果 氪激光周边虹膜成形术30 min后,眼压从42~81 mm Hg降至25~72 mm Hg,平均下降10.7%;术后1 h眼压为15~47 mm Hg,平均下降58.2%;术后2 h眼压为12~28 mm Hg,平均下降71.4%;术后24 h眼压为9~18 mm Hg,均降至正常,平均下降82.7%。激光治疗后患者不适症状迅速缓解,视力快速提高,角膜水肿消退,前房角有不同程度的加宽。结论 氪激光周边虹膜成形术能机械性拉开房角,迅速降低原发性闭角型青光眼急性发作期的眼压,起效快,并发症少,是治疗青光眼急性发作的一种安全有效的方法。 [关键词] 氪激光;激光周边虹膜成形术;青光眼;眼压 The clinical study on Krypton laser peripheral iridoplasty for the acute attack of glaucoma
KANG Jie,ZHANG Kun-li.
Department of Ophthalmology,The People’s Hospital of Hebei Province,Shijiazhuang 050051,China
[Abstract] Objective To evalute the intraocular pressure-lowering effects and safety of Krypton laser peripheral iridoplasty for the acute attack of the primary angle-closure glaucoma.Methods Twenty-four patients were included,who were the first acute attack of the primary angle-closure glaucome.They were prescribed 1% pilocarpine once per 10 minutes and 0.5% timolol once.One hour later,IOP is still above or equal 40 mm Hg.Symptoms,visual acuity,corneal edema,IOP and the angle of anterior chamber were observed preoperatively and 30 min,1 h,2 h,24 h postoperatively.Results 30 min after treatment,IOP decreased from 42~81 mm Hg to 25~72 mm Hg,10.7% decreased;1h later,IOP were 15~47 mm Hg,58.2% decreased;2 h later,IOP were 12~28 mm Hg,71.4% decreased;24 h later,IOP were 9~18 mm Hg,82.7% decreased.After laser treatment,the uncomfortable symptoms were resolved quickly,visual acuity risen fast,corneal edema disappeared and the anterior chamber-angle widened differently.Conclusion Laser peripheral iridoplasty can mechanically open the anterior chamber angle and rapidly reduce the IOP of the acute attack of the primary angle-closure glaucoma,few complications.It is an effective and safe method for acute attack of glaucoma.
[Key words] krypton laser;laser peripheral iridoplasty;glaucoma;intraocular pressure 原发性急性闭角型青光眼的急性发作是眼科的急症之一,因为周边虹膜组织阻塞前房角导致眼压急剧升高,应尽快开放前房角,降低眼压,挽救和保护视功能。传统的方法是应用全身和局部降眼压药物治疗,待眼压控制后行周边虹膜切除术或小梁切除术。我院用氪激光周边虹膜成形术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼急性发作,探讨其安全性和有效性。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 所有患者均来自我院眼科门诊,共24例24眼,男10例,女14例,年龄51~72岁,平均64.1岁,右眼14只,左眼10只。所有患者均有眼胀痛、偏头痛、恶心、呕吐等症状及不同程度的瞳孔开大和角膜水肿,眼压42~81 mm Hg,根据病史、症状和裂隙灯、眼压检查明确诊断为原发性急性闭角型青光眼急性发作。已接受过治疗的患者和单眼患者除外。急性发作到就诊时间5~75 h,平均32 h,就诊时视力眼前手动~0.2。
1.2 仪器设备 多波长氪激光仪(美国Coherent公司生产,型号为Novus Omni),裂隙灯显微镜(苏州医疗器械厂生产,型号为YZ-2A),非接触眼压计(美国Leica公司生产,型号为AT-550),Abraham接触镜(美国Ocular公司生产),前房角镜(美国Ocular公司生产)。
1.3 方法 就诊于我院眼科门诊者,根据视力下降、眼胀痛、偏头痛、恶心、呕吐等症状,裂隙灯检查角膜上皮水肿呈雾状、周边前房浅、瞳孔开大,眼压增高,诊断为原发性急性闭角型青光眼急性发作期。立即给予1%匹罗卡品滴眼液,10 min点眼1次,共5次,0.25%噻吗心安滴眼液点眼1次,1 h后眼压仍不能降至40 mm Hg以下者,征得患者的知情同意后行氪激光周边虹膜成形术。患眼1%丁卡因表面麻醉后放置Abraham接触镜应用多波长氪激光仪,选择绿激光,光斑直径500 μm,时间0.5 s,能量500 mW,进行虹膜根部360°光凝,治疗过程中随时调整激光能量,以激光斑周围虹膜收缩,无气泡形成和色素溢出且无爆破为宜,激光斑尽量靠近虹膜根部,两个激光斑间距一个光斑直径,激光斑共25~34个。激光治疗后患眼给予1%匹罗卡品滴眼液点眼,每日4次,0.25%噻吗心安滴眼液点眼,每日2次,复方妥布霉素地塞米松滴眼液点眼,每日4次。分别于治疗前及治疗后30 min、1、2、24 h检查视力,用裂隙灯显微镜观察角膜、前房深度、瞳孔,用非接触眼压计测量眼压,用前房角镜检查房角状态,记录眼痛、恶心、呕吐等症状。
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