作者:徐烈,张治英,李富军,龙泳,徐德忠
关键词: 近视;病例对照研究;学生,医科
摘 要:目的 观察某医科大学中期学习的学生视力状况,探讨影响视力的相关因素. 方法 把三年级医疗专业全体学生作为研究对象,采用问卷式调查,近视者作为病例组,视力正常者为对照组,进行病例对照研究的成组处理,作单因素与Logistic回归分析. 结果 学生中近视率为69.19%;男生为64.3%,女生为84.4%,差异显著(P=0.011).单因素分析表明,近视与居住在城市(OR=2.78,P=0.007),眼疲劳史(OR=2.24,P=0.018),阅读距离远(OR=0.22,P=0.000),看电视多(OR=3.54,P=0.000)四种因素相关;其中居住城市、阅读距离远、看电视多与近视有一定剂量效应关系.多因素分析发现,阅读距离远(OR=0.23)、床上阅读(OR=2.07)、父母近视(OR=2.47)为近视的主要保护和危险因素. 结论 性别可能是混杂因素;居住城市、床上阅读、看电视多、阅读距离远与父母近视是学生近视的主要危险或保护因素. Prevalence rate and risk factors of myopia in senior medical university students XU Lie,ZHANG Zhi-Ying,LI Fu-Jun,LONG Yong,XU De-Zhong 1 Department of Information,Xijing Hospital,2 Department of Epidemiology,Faculty of Preventive Medicine,Fourth Military Medical University,Xi'an710033,China Keywords:myopia;case-control studies;students,medical Abstract:AIM To observe the prevalence of myopia and to analyze the risk factors of eyesight of senior students in a medical university.METHODS All students in GradeⅢin a medical university were investigated by questionnaire.The students with myopia were taken as the case group and the students with normal vision as the control group and the questionnaires were analyzed as case-control study.Single-factor analysis and logistic regressive analysis were also done.RESULTS In all students,the incidence of myopia was69.19%.The incidence of male students(64.29%)was significantly lower than that of female students(84.44%,P=0.011).Single-factor analysis showed that the incidence of myopia was related with living in city(OR=2.78,P=0.007),over-reading(OR=2.24,P=0.018),distant-read-ing(OR=0.22,P=0.000)and frequent TV watching(OR=3.54,P=0.000).Among them,living in city,far-work and frequent TV watching had dose-effect relation with the incidence of myopia.Multivariable analysis suggested that distant-reading(OR=0.23),reading in bed(OR=2.07)and parents'eyesight were important protective or risk factors for myopia.CONCLUSION Sex is a bias factor for myopia.Living in city,reading in bed,frequent TV watching and parents'myopia are important risk factors of myopia for med-ical university students. 0 引言 关于医科大学学生近视状况及其危险因素,既往已有少数报告[1,2] .为探讨大学中期学生的视力状况及其相关因素,2000-01我们对医科大学医疗专业三年级学生进行了分析性流行病学研究,结果报告如下.
1 对象和方法 1.1 对象
把医科大学医疗专业三年级的全体学生197名作为研究对象,男149名(75.6%),女48名(24.4%);年龄(21.4±0.73)岁. 1.2 方法
由2名研究人员进行问卷式调查.调查内容包括一般情况、视力状况及其影响因素和家属史三部分,共涉及23个因素.分析资料时,研究对象中,近视患者作为病例组,余为对照,进行病例对照研究的成组处理,观察与近视相关的因素.近视的诊断标准:按以往研究的方法[1] ,即国际标准视力表(Snellen Chart)裸视力低于1.0(以最差的一只眼计).将调查资料输入微机,统计学处理用EPINFO和SPSS软件包进行. 2 结果 在197名研究对象填写的调查表中,有12(男9,女3)份调查表不符合要求,被删去.所有结果均按185名对象计算.其中,患近视者128名,近视率为69.2%;男性近视率为64.3%(90/140),女性为84.4%(38/45),男女之间有显著差异((2=6.49,P=0.011),女性高于男性(OR=3.02).
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