作者:薛爱丽 作者单位:青岛市妇女儿童医疗保健中心新生儿科,山东 青岛 266011
【摘要】 目的 分析早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)的发生率及危险因素。方法 对孕周<36周,出生体质量<2 500 g的208例早产儿生后4~6周行眼底检查,根据ROP国际诊断分期法进行诊断分级,探讨ROP与孕周、出生体质量、窒息、吸氧、母亲妊娠并发症、感染及贫血等因素的关系。结果 208例早产儿中患有不同程度ROP者39例(其中ROPⅠ期24例,ROPⅡ期13例,ROPⅢ期2例),ROP发生率为18.8%。ROP病儿中住院期间有3例自愈,4例成功进行手术治疗,而大部分病例需出院后继续定期进行眼底检查。孕周、出生体质量、吸氧、母亲妊娠并发症、贫血及感染对ROP的发生具有明显影响。且孕周越短、出生体质量越小,ROP发生率越高。结论 早产儿ROP的发生率较高,ROP的发生与孕周、出生体质量、吸氧、母亲妊娠并发症、贫血及感染等因素有关。
【关键词】 视网膜病变 早产儿 发生率 危险因素
INCIDENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY
XUE AILI, SHAN RUOBING, YU HAIQING, et al
(Department of Neonatology, Qingdao Medical Care Center for Women and Children, Qingdao 266011, China)
[ABSTRACT]ObjectiveTo analyze the incidence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). MethodsThis study consisted of 208 infants with a gestational age (GA) less than 36 weeks or birth weight (BW) less than 2 500 g. They were screened for ROP from four to six weeks of postnatal age and classified in accordance with the international ROP criteria. The relationship among ROP and GA, BW, asphyxia, oxygen inhalation, pregnant complications, infection and anemia were analyzed.ResultsThe incidence of ROP was 18.8% (39/208), of which, stage Ⅰ, 24 cases; stage Ⅱ, 13 cases and stage Ⅲ, two cases. Three were selfcure during hospital stay, and four successfully underwent surgery. Most of them were required to have a regular examination of fundus. GA, BW, oxygen inhalation, pregnant complications, anemia and infection were related to ROP.ConclusionThe incidence of ROP is higher in prematurity, which is related to GA, BW, oxygen inhalation, pregnant complications, anemia and infection.
[KEY WORDS]Retinopathy of prematurity; Incidence; Risk factors
随着围产医学的发展,早产儿存活率不断提高,视网膜病变(ROP)的发生率也随之呈上升趋势,由此造成的儿童失明越来越多[1]。早产儿ROP的致盲危害性已引起世界各地眼科及儿科医生的关注。多数研究普遍认为高浓度吸氧是导致ROP的主要因素[2],但也有报道认为早产儿吸氧与否其ROP发生率并无明显差别,而且并非所有接受氧疗的病儿均发生ROP[3],这表明除吸氧之外,还有其他因素在ROP发生过程中起重要作用。本研究旨在观察早产儿ROP发生率的同时,对其他可能的高危因素进行探讨。现将结果报告如下。
1 对象与方法
1.1 对象
收集我院2002年5月~2007年9月住院的早产儿208例,其中男112例,女96例,均于生后1周内入院。
1.2 眼底检查方法
生后4~6周行眼底检查。被检者用托品酰胺眼药水双眼散瞳,用检验镜在暗室内检查眼底,尤其是颞侧视网膜。每2周检查1次,若在此期间发生ROP,根据ROP严重程度,每1~2周检查一次,密切注意ROP转归,以便及时给予治疗。ROP的诊断包括病变的区域(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ区),范围(时钟数表示),分级(1~5级)及有无附加病变(包括视网膜血管扭曲、扩张等)。
1.3 统计学处理
数据处理使用SPSS 11.0软件包,采用χ2检验进行分析。
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