作者:陈伟,徐永根,罗曼 作者单位:绍兴市人民医院 眼科,浙江 绍兴 312000
【摘要】 目的 探讨小梁切除术中应用透明质酸钠对角膜内皮细胞数量和形态的影响。
方法 接受小梁切除术的原发性急性闭角型青光眼75例(75眼),随机分为两组:治疗组37例(37眼),前房内及巩膜瓣下注入1%透明质酸钠0.1 ml并保留;对照组38例(38眼),则注入平衡盐溶液(BSS)0.1 ml。采用非接触型角膜内皮显微镜分别于术前及术后第1周、第3个月进行角膜内皮细胞检查并分析其数量和形态参数的变化,同时观察术后眼压、前房形成情况、滤过泡及并发症。
结果 治疗组术前、术后第1周及第3个月角膜内皮细胞密度分别为(2183±325)个/mm2、(2096±332)个/mm2、(2112±261)个/mm2;平均细胞面积分别为(462.7±42.8)μm2、(422.9±53.1)μm2、(430.8±55.2)μm2;细胞面积变异系数分别为(47.3±15.7)%、(48.1±12.5)%、(42.6±10.9)%;六角型细胞百分率分别为(52.3±14.8)%、(51.6±13.3)%、(55.7±11.2)%;术后第1周及第3个月各参数与术前比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对照组术前、术后第1周及第3个月角膜内皮细胞密度分别为(2098±314)个/mm2、(1631±388)个/mm2、(1855±402)个/mm2;平均细胞面积分别为(462.7±42.8)μm2、(562.7±73.8)μm2、(536.6±65.1)μm2;细胞面积变异系数分别为(49.5±14.3)%、(59.2±12.6)%、(58.7±12.3)%;六角型细胞百分率分别为(53.2±16.1)%、(40.4±13.2)%、(42.6±11.8)%,术后第1周及第3个月的各参数与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后第1周及第3个月,治疗组的角膜内皮细胞损失率分别为4.0%及3.3%,均低于对照组的17.5%及11.6%(P<0.05)。治疗组术后浅前房发生的眼数、程度均低于对照组(P<0.05)。术后第1周及第3个月,不同前房深度组的角膜内皮损失率之间均有统计学差异(P<0.01)。术后前房深度越浅,角膜内皮细胞的损失率越大,两者有一定的相关关系(术后第1周r=0.7825,P<0.01;术后第3个月r=0.7603,P<0.01)。
结论 小梁切除术尤其是术后浅前房可引起角膜内皮细胞的损害,术中应用透明质酸钠可减少浅前房的发生及其程度,保护角膜内皮细胞。
【关键词】 小梁切除术;透明质酸钠;角膜内皮细胞 The effect of sodium hyaluronate on corneal endothelial cells in trabeculectomy
CHEN Wei, XU Yonggen, LUO Man.
Department of Ophthalmology, People’s Hospital of Shaoxing, Shaoxing China, 312000
[Abstract]Objective To investigate the effect of sodium hyaluronate (SH) on corneal endothelial cells in trabeculectomy. Methods Seventy-five patients (75 eyes) with primary acute closed-angle glaucoma underwent a trabeculectomy. SH was injected into the anterior chamber and under the sutured scleral flaps in 37 cases (37 eyes), and in the other 38 cases (38 eyes), the control group, it was injected into BSS. All cases had undergone tests for corneal endothelium cell density and cellular morphology with a non-contact corneal endothelial microscope before and 1 week and 3 months after the operation. Postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), the form of the anterior chamber, filtration and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. Results The endothelium cell density, average cell area, cell size variation coefficient and percentage of hexagonal cells before and 1 week and 3 months after the operation were (2183±325)mm2, (2096±332)mm2, (2112±261)mm2 and (462.7±42.8)μm2, (422.9±53.1)μm2, (430.8±55.2)μm2 and (47.3±15.7)%, (48.1±12.5)%, (42.6±10.9)% and (52.3±14.8)%, (51.6±13.3)%, (55.7±11.2)%, respectively, in the treatment group. The results for the control group were (2098±314)mm2, (1631±388)mm2, (1855±402)mm2 and (462.7±42.8)μm2, (562.7±73.8)μm2, (536.6±65.1)μm2 and (49.5±14.3)%, (59.2±12.6)%, (58.7±12.3)% and (53.2±16.1)%, (40.4±13.2)%, (42.6±11.8)%, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences before the operation and 1 week or 3 months after the operation when endothelium cell density, average cell area, cell size variation coefficient and percentage of hexagonal cells in the treatment group were compared (P>0.05). But there were statistically significant differences in the control group (P<0.05). The loss rate of corneal endothelium cells in the treatment group was 4.0% and 3.3% at 1 week and 3 months after the operation. The rate was lower than the 17.5% and 11.6% in the control group (P<0.05). The shallow anterior chamber angle (in degrees) in the treatment group after the operation was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05). There were significant differences in the loss rate of corneal endothelium cells among the different anterior chamber angle groups before and 1 week or 3 months after the operation (P<0.01). The more shallow the anterior chamber was, the higher the loss rate of corneal endothelium cells. There was a positive correlation between the anterior chamber angle and loss rate of corneal endothelium cells 1 week or 3 months after the operation (r=0.7825, r=0.7603, respectively, P<0.01). Conclusion Trabeculectomy, especially in a postoperative shallow anterior chamber, can injure corneal endothelium cells. The use of sodium hyaluronate in trabeculectomy can decrease the occurrence and angle of a postoperative shallow anterior chamber and protect corneal endothelium cells.
[Key words]trabeculectomy; sodium hyaluronate; corneal endothelium cell
小梁切除术尤其是术后浅前房可导致患者角膜内皮细胞的损害,严重者可能因角膜内皮失代偿而发生大泡性角膜病变甚至失明[1]。为降低术后浅前房的发生率,保护角膜内皮细胞,我们将透明质酸钠应用于小梁切除术中,观察了手术前、后的角膜内皮细胞的变化,并与单纯小梁切除术患者进行了对比,报告如下。
1 资料和方法
1.1 一般资料 我院2004年1月~2007年12月收治的接受小梁切除术的急性闭角型青光眼患者75例(75眼),随机分为两组:治疗组37例(37眼),其中男15例,女22例,年龄43~80岁,平均(62.5±5.1)岁,术前当天眼压为13.3~20.7 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 Kpa),平均(18.2±2.3)mmHg;对照组38例(38眼),其中男17例,女21例,年龄43~80岁,平均(60.9±6.7)岁,术前当天眼压为13.6~20.3 mmHg,平均(17.7±2.6)mmHg。治疗组前房内及巩膜瓣下注入1%透明质酸钠0.1 ml并保留,对照组则注入平衡盐溶液(BSS)0.1 ml。术前所有患者均局部和全身应用降眼压药物,手术当天眼压均≤21 mmHg。两组患者的性别、年龄及术前眼压均无统计学差异,具有可比性。
1.2 手术方法
手术均由第一作者完成。术前用0.5%盐酸丙美卡因滴眼液滴眼3次,予2%利多卡因加0.75%布比卡因做球后麻醉。开睑器开睑,固定上直肌,做4 mm×4 mm大小巩膜瓣,1/2巩膜厚度,分离至角膜缘内1 mm,在3点或9点钟部位角膜缘内1 mm斜行穿透角膜,缓慢放出房水使眼压逐步下降,切除1 mm×3 mm小梁组织,剪除相应处周边虹膜组织,恢复虹膜,巩膜瓣复位,用10-0尼龙线将巩膜瓣远端的两游离角各缝1针于巩膜床上,结扎松紧适中。治疗组自穿刺口向前房内注入1%透明质酸钠0.1 ml以使前房深度恢复,再于巩膜瓣下注入适量透明质酸钠推压虹膜复位并形成滤过泡,用10-0尼龙线间断缝合球结膜,下方球结膜下注射庆大霉素2万U及地塞米松1 mg,包扎术眼。对照组于前房内及巩膜瓣下注入BSS 0.1 ml,其余操作相同。术毕时所有病例的前房均形成良好。
1.3 检查项目及术后处理
①角膜内皮细胞检查:采用日本产Topcon-2000非接触型角膜内皮显微镜,分别于术前第1天、术后第1周及第3个月对患者进行角膜内皮细胞检查。选取中央角膜为统一测量区域,取70~90个内皮细胞,由计算机分析系统测量内皮细胞参数,记录细胞密度、平均细胞面积、细胞面积变异系数、六角型细胞百分率。检查均由同一人完成。角膜内皮细胞损失率=(术前角膜内皮细胞密度-术后角膜内皮细胞密度)/术前角膜内皮细胞密度。②前房深度:在裂隙灯显微镜下按Spaeth分级法[2],由深至浅分为0度、Ⅰ度、Ⅱ度、Ⅲ度。③眼压检查:使用非接触式眼压计测量眼压,分别记录术前第1天及术后第1天、第1周、第3个月的眼压。④术后处理:术后按常规予复方托吡卡胺滴眼液每天上午滴眼1次,以活动瞳孔,复方妥布霉素及0.1%普拉洛芬滴眼液交替滴眼各4次/d,1周后减少复方妥布霉素的滴眼次数。术后每日在裂隙灯显微镜下观察切口、前房、滤过泡等。一般于术后1周拆除结膜缝线后出院,门诊随访。
1.4 统计学方法
应用SPSS 10.0统计软件,数据以x±s表示,对本研究所得的计量指标进行独立样本t检验和方差分析,对计数指标进行卡方检验,对角膜内皮细胞损失率与术后前房深度的关系进行Pearson相关分析,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
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