作者:毛俊峰,魏世辉 作者单位:410008)中国湖南省长沙市,中南大学湘雅医院眼科; (100853)中国北京市,中国人民解放军总医院眼科
【摘要】 目的:探讨单侧枕叶梗死引起的眼部表现的临床特点及发生机制。
【关键词】 枕叶;脑梗死;眼部特征
Clinical analysis of ocular manifestations in patients with unilateraloccipital infarction JunFeng Mao, ShiHui Wei Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China Abstract AIM: To investigate the clinical characteristics and mechanisms of ocular manifestations in patients with unilateraloccipital infarction. METHODS: The clinical data and ocular manifestations in 18 patients with unilateraloccipital infarction were analyzed retrospectively. Their infarction area was confined to the occipital lobe in all patients.
RESULTS: In the 18 patients, eye symptoms were found in 16 cases (89%), including biocular visual acuity decrease (15 cases, 83%) and optical illusion (5 cases, 28%). 8 patients had only eye symptoms at the time of seizure disorders. The defect of visual field was detected in all patients, including completely homonymous hemianopsia (12 cases, 67%) and partly homonymous hemianopsia (5 cases, 28%). There were macular sparing (7 cases, 58%) and macular splitting (5 cases, 42%) in 12 cases with completely homonymous hemianopsia. Followup was accomplished in 12 patients, and the followup period ranged from 6 months to 29 months. There were optic atrophy (4 cases), augment of visual acuity with 12 lines (5 cases), dilatation of visual field (2 cases), decrease of visual acuity (1 cases) and the transition from macular sparing to macular splitting (1 cases). CONCLUSION: Ocular manifestations, including biocular visual acuity decrease, optical illusion, consistencyhomonymous hemianopsia with or without macular sparing and no changes of pupilla and ocular fundus, were the major clinical features of unilateraloccipital infarction. It is uneasy to recover the changes of visual acuity and visual field caused by occipital infarction,which was found duing the followup period. Moreover, optic atrophy may be found in a few patients.
KEYWORDS: occipital lobe; cerebral infarction; ocular characteristic
方法:回顾性分析18例单侧枕叶梗死患者的临床资料及眼部表现,且所有患者的梗死灶均局限于枕叶。
结果:患者18例中出现眼部症状者16例(89%),包括双眼视力下降15例(83%)、视幻觉5例(28%)。其中,8例发病时仅有眼部症状。所有患者均有视野改变,包括完全性同向偏盲12例(67%)和部分性同向偏盲5例(28%)。12例完全性同向偏盲患者中,黄斑回避7例(58%),黄斑分裂5例(42%)。接受随访者12例,随访时间为6~29mo不等,出现视神经萎缩4例、视力增进1~2行者5例、视野扩大2例、视力下降1例、黄斑回避转变为黄斑分裂1例。
结论:单侧枕叶梗死的临床特征以眼部表现为主,包括双眼视力下降、视幻视、伴或不伴有黄斑回避的一致性同向偏盲、无瞳孔和眼底改变。随访中发现,枕叶梗死引起的视力下降、视野缺损一般不易恢复,少数患者可出现视神经萎缩。
0引言 枕叶梗死是大脑后动脉皮质支闭塞所致的,以中枢性视野缺损、视幻觉等为临床特征的脑梗死。其发生率较远低于其他部位的脑梗死[1],且临床表现多以视觉症状为主,易被误诊、漏诊。我们对200201/200806在中国人民解放军总医院和中南大学湘雅医院神经内科、眼科收治的18例单侧枕叶梗死患者的眼部表现进行系统性回顾分析,探讨其眼部表现的临床特点及发生机制。
1对象和方法
1.1对象 单侧枕叶梗死患者18例,男10例,女8例,年龄38~75(平均57.1±9.6)岁。所有患者均经颅脑CT/MRI证实为单侧枕叶梗死,且梗死灶局限于枕叶(图1,2),排除梗死灶累及颞叶、顶叶者或梗死灶内有出血的病例,排除角膜病、白内障、青光眼、视网膜病、视神经病等原发性眼病。此组病例均神智清楚,能配合完成远视力、瞳孔、眼底和视野检查,详细资料见表1。除例16有瞳孔改变外,其余患者均无瞳孔改变,且所有患者住院期间均未发现视盘异常,故瞳孔和视盘的资料未列入表1内。
图1颅脑MRI的水平位T1成像显示左枕叶低信号病灶(略)
图2颅脑MRI的水平位T2成像显示左枕叶高信号病灶(略)
1.2方法 所有患者均行远视力、瞳孔、散瞳查眼底和中心视野检查。远视力包括裸眼视力和矫正视力,以矫正视力为准。瞳孔检查包括直径、对光反应、相对性传入性瞳孔障碍(relative afferent pupillary defect, RAPD)。把发病时的临床症状分为眼部症状和非眼部症状,对两者的发生率进行χ2检验。根据住院期间的视野缺损特点,分为完全性同向偏盲组和部分性同向偏盲组,前者又分为黄斑回避组和黄斑分裂组,并分别进行χ2检验。检验水准为P<0.05。
2结果 在18例患者中出现眼部症状者16例(89%)、非眼部症状者10例(56%),经χ2检验可知:χ2=4.98、P<0.05。眼部症状包括双眼视力下降15例(83%)、视幻觉5例(28%),其中8例患者发病时仅有眼部症状。视幻觉包括眼前闪光1例、病灶对侧视野闪光1例、病灶对侧视野闪火花3例和病灶对侧视野礼花样闪光1例。非眼部症状包括头痛4例(22%)、头晕7例(39%)、恶心1例(6%)、近记忆受损2例(11%)和病灶对侧肢体深感觉障碍1例(6%)。住院期间视野检查发现18例患者均有视野改变,除例16外均为双眼同向偏盲,其中完全性同向偏盲12例(67%),部分性同向偏盲5例(28%),经χ2检验可知:χ2=5.76,P<0.05。12例完全性同向偏盲患者中,黄斑回避7例(58%),黄斑分裂5例(42%),经χ2检验可知:χ2=0.67,P>0.05。18例患者中出院后失访6例(33%),接受随访者12例(67%),随访时间为6~29mo不等。接受随访的患者中视盘色淡4例(其中1例为例16,右眼患后部缺血性视神经病变)、视盘无异常8例;视力增进1~2行者5例(单眼4例、双眼1例),视力下降1例(双眼);视野扩大2例;黄斑回避转变为黄斑分裂1例。
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