【摘要】 目的:探讨单眼行准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(laser in situ keratomileusis,LASIK)或准分子激光上皮下角膜磨镶术(laser epithelial keratomileusis,LASEK)治疗单眼近视所致屈光参差的效果。方法:采用对单眼等效球镜度>2.50D的近视性屈光参差患者62例,进行单眼LASIK或LASEK手术。术眼及非术眼手术前后平均屈光度、屈光参差度数、最佳矫正视力和裸眼视力进行评价,术后随访6~24mo。结果:术眼术前平均等值球镜度数为3.66(2.50~6.25)D,术后减少至0.62(0.00~1.00)D。LASIK或LASEK对平均等值球镜改变为3.38(2.50~5.50)D。术前两眼平均屈光参差为3.25(2.50~6.25)D,术后减少至 0.85(0.00~1.75)D。术前术后最佳矫正视力(BCVA)范围均为0.6~1.0,平均最佳矫正视力从术前0.8提高到1.04;术后裸眼视力≥1.0者59眼,平均裸眼视力从术前的0.1提高至术后的1.0。非术眼术前平均等值球镜度数为0.85(+0.25~1.50)D,术后平均等值球镜度数为1.85(0.50~3.50)D,平均裸眼视力从术前的0.5术后下降至0.1。结论:单眼LASIK或LASEK治疗近视性屈光参差虽然能提高患眼的最佳矫正视力和裸眼视力,解除单眼近视、散光所致的屈光参差对眼镜或角膜接触镜不能耐受的痛苦,而且对恢复双眼单视功能具有积极意义,但是同时我们也发现术后非术眼有近视加深的趋势,而且非术眼原近视度数越高近视加深越快越多。
【关键词】 屈光参差;近视;准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术;准分子激光上皮下角膜磨镶术;单眼;术眼;非术眼
Monocular laser in situ keratomileusis or laser epithelial keratomileusis for myopic anisometropia
LingFang Du
Ophthalmic and Optometric Center, the First Peoples Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou 423000, Hunan Province, China
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the visual and refractive results of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) or laser epithelial keratomileusis(LASEK) for monocular myopic anisometropia.
METHODS: Sixtytwo patients aged 18 to 38 years with myopic anisometropia had LASIK or LASEK in all their myopic eyes (62 eyes). Preoperative myopic spherical equivalent diopters manifest refraction ranged from 2.50 to 6.25(mean 3.66)D. All patients completed a followup of 6 to 24 months.
RESULTS: Postoperative spherical equivalent diopters manifest refraction ranged from 0.00 to 1.00(mean 0.62)D. Postoperative binocular myopic anisometropia diopters manifest refraction ranged from 0.00 to 1.75(mean 0.85)D. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before and after LASIK or LASEK ranged from 0.6 to 1.0. Average BCVA improved from 0.8 to 1.04. But the nonsurgery eye equivalent diopters manifest refraction ranged from +0.25 to 1.50(mean 0.85)D. Postoperative spherical equivalent diopters manifest refraction ranged from 0.50 to 3.50(mean 1.85)D. Average BCVA declined from 0.5 before to 0.1 after LASIK or LASEK.
CONCLUSION: LASIK or LASEK is effective for correction of monocular myopic anisometropia in this group. It not only improves the BCVA and noncorrected visual acuity, but also relieves the lens or contact lens intolerance of the patients, and at the same time provides good visual results. Monocular myopic anisometropia after LASIK or LASEK may help the recovery of binocular visual quality. But the nonsurgery eye average BCVA will decline.
KEYWORDS: anisometropia; myopia; laser in situ
0引言
在近视眼中,单眼屈光不正的现象比较少见,其中大多数为复性近视性屈光参差。单眼复性近视形成的屈光参差的治疗方法有配戴眼镜和角膜接触镜,如果双眼屈光参差相差超过2.50D,则因双眼视网膜物像大小不等而引起融合困难,破坏了双眼单视[1]。随着准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(laser in situ keratomileusis,LASIK)和上皮下角膜磨镶术(laser epithelial keratomileusis, LASEK)的普遍开展,治疗各种近视及散光取得了令人鼓舞的疗效[2,3]。对于单眼复性近视所致的屈光参差的治疗,国内报道不多,现将近3a在我院行LASIK或LASEK治疗此类屈光参差的62例进行了随访观察,报告如下。
1对象和方法
1.1对象 选择200507/200806在我院进行LASIK或LASEK手术的单眼复性近视所致屈光参差62例,双眼等效球镜度差>2.50D,不伴有明显器质性眼病和斜视。其中男39例,女23例,年龄18~38(平均24.9)岁。其中相差2.50~4.00D者46例,4.25~6.25D者16例,屈光度稳定2a以上,停戴角膜接触镜2wk。无眼干燥综合征、角膜炎及其他眼病,无眼部外伤史、瘢痕体质、风湿病、自身免疫性疾病、糖尿病或精神病史等。术前检查:视力、详细的眼前段及眼底检查、医学验光、非接触式眼压检查、超声角膜测厚及角膜地形图等,术前3d滴海伦滴眼液4次/d。
1.2方法 采用Moria M2角膜板层刀和VISX STAR3准分子激光治疗仪。按LASIK常规操作,在角膜中央作一直径约8.5mm、厚度约130~150μm上方带蒂角膜瓣,激光能量120mJ/cm2,频率50Hz,光学消融直径4.2~6.4mm,切削深度61~103μm,术毕滴典必殊滴眼液和泪然滴眼液,戴硬性眼罩。术后2d除去眼罩,裂隙灯显微镜观察角膜瓣复位和愈合情况,开始滴用氟美童滴眼液4次/d,连续1wk,以后逐周递减,泪然、托百士滴眼液各4次/d,连续1mo。术后1,7d;1,3,6,12,24mo复查,项目包括裂隙灯显微镜检查、验光、眼压及角膜地形图,并应用标准对数视力表检查视力,采用小数记录法。术后随访6~24(平均12.5)mo。LASEK组采用200g/L乙醇浸泡角膜制瓣,上皮瓣大致制作完整。术毕即用角膜接触镜覆盖保护角膜上皮瓣,并滴托百士和泪然,视角膜上皮愈合情况配戴3~5d,取镜后滴典必殊4次/d,连续1mo,后改用氟美童3次/d,连续1mo,后减为2次/d,连续1mo,后减为 1次/d,连续1mo,托百士和泪然4次/d,连续4mo。术后第5,7,14d;1,2,3,4,6,12,24mo复查,项目包括裂隙灯显微镜检查、验光、眼压及角膜地形图,并应用标准对数视力表检查视力,采用小数记录法。术后随访6~24(平均13.5)mo。
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