摘要 目的 探讨采用逐层氩激光光凝-Nd:YAG激光透切的方法行虹膜周边切除术的疗效。方法 使用Coherent联合激光器对100例126眼闭角型青光眼患者施行虹膜周边切除术。切孔部位选择在颞上或颞下或鼻上或鼻下周边部虹膜。先以小能量Argon激光在切孔处预光凝,再以Nd:YAG激光进行透切,如此2种激光交替反复使用,逐层进行光切,直至切穿为止。切孔直径控制在0.6~1.0mm。结果 全部患者经1次激光治疗均成功获得虹膜切孔。术后1mo和1a时眼压均较术前明显降低(P<0.0001)。房角开放1/2以上者,其治愈率为97.59%,房角开放1/2以下者治愈率55.81%,二者有显著性差别(P<0.0001)。主要不良反应为术中虹膜出血、角膜损伤、前房炎性反应、术后暂时性眼压升高等,随访1a未发现晶状体混浊及切孔关闭。结论 使用联合激光逐层透切法行虹膜周边切除可显著减少2种激光的能量,提高了手术的成功率,使激光手术操作方便、安全、可靠。
Sequential argon-YAG laser iridotomies in angle closure glaucoma
WANG Guang-Jie,HUANG Zhen-Xi,SONG Yan-Ping,JIN Zhong-Qiu
Key words laser therapy;iridotomy;angle closure glaucoma
Abstract Objective To induce iridotomy with combined lasers by the mode of repeat sequential Argon laser prephotocoagulation-Nd:YAG laser chipping and make a clinical trial on the effects of laser iridotomy.Methods 126 eyes of 100 cases of angle closure glaucoma were operated on iridotomies with combined lasers.The incision site were selected on the up temporal,up nasal,low temporal or low nasal of peripheral iris.The iris was first prephotocoagulated by low energy Argon laser,and then chipped into some pulses with Nd:YAG laser.The laser therapy was repeated arternatively until a perforation about 0.6~1.0mm was got.Result All patients got an iris perforation successfully after the first laser procedure.At the first month and the first year after iridotomy,The IOP were remarkably reduced(P<0.0001).Patients with angle open more than 1/2 circle has a cure rate of 97.59% and patients with angle open less than 1/2 circle has a lower rate of 55.81%.The difference between them was statistically remarkable(P<0.00001).The main side effects included iris hemorrhage during therapy,corneal injury,inflammative reaction of anterior chamber,and temporality raise of IOP.During the year followed no opacity of crystalloid and incision closure was found.Conclusions To induce iridotomy with combined laser by the mode of repeat sequential Argon prephotocoagulation-Nd:YAG chipping is convenient and safe with better effects.
我们用联合激光机,采用逐层氩激光预光凝-Nd:YAG激光透切的方法对闭角型青光眼患者进行治疗,减少了激光能量和出血等并发症,提高了疗效。
1 材料和方法
1.1 一般资料 1995年3月~1996年12月慢性期及慢性闭角型青光眼患者100例126眼,单眼74例,双眼26例,男58眼,女68眼,房角开放1/2以上者83眼,1/2以下者43眼。
1.2 方法 设备为美国Coheren公司生产的Novus2000型氩激光和7901型Nd:YAG激光的组合机,2种激光共用1台裂隙灯。术前查视力、眼压。术前1h用10g.L-1匹罗卡品缩瞳孔每15min 1次,共4次;0.5g.L-1的卡因滴眼液表面麻醉。用Abraham虹膜镜进行治疗,以0.25g.L-1氯霉素为接触液,选定颞上或鼻上部位(少数患者在颞下或鼻下)周边部虹膜为切孔位置。采取分层氩激光光凝,Nd:YAG激光透切的方法:先以氩激光在切孔处预光凝,采用488~514nm混合光,光斑200μm,能量250mW,时间0.2s,点数18~30,范围5~6个光斑直径。再以Nd:YAG激光透切,能量3.8~4.8mJ,单脉冲5~8次。如此2种激光交替使用、反复、逐层进行光切,直至切穿为止。平均2~4次即可切穿。在即将穿透时适当调小氩激光的能量。Nd:YAG激光光切时尽可能使孔缘整齐,切孔直径控制在0.6~1.0mm。切孔完成后用小能量氩激光对孔缘进行环周光凝使切孔整齐,光斑大小为200μm,能量180mW,时间0.2s,点数16~20。
1.3 术后处理 术后1~2h测眼压,眼压≤4.0kPa时口服醋氮酰胺250mg、碳酸氢钠500mg,每8h 1次。眼压>4.0kPa时,加用200g*L-1甘露醇静脉滴注250mL。5g.L-1噻吗心安滴眼每日2次。0.25g.L-1的地塞米松滴眼每日4次,连续3~4d。术后1wk内避免用缩瞳剂。术后1、3、7d,1、3、6、12mo复查视力、眼压、切孔情况、眼前节情况。根据眼压变化减少降眼压药用量,直至减为可维持正常眼压的最小剂量。
1.4 疗效标准 术后1mo不用药时眼压≤2.8kPa为治愈,眼压>2.8kPa但较术前下降0.67kPa以上且用1~2种滴眼液可维持正常为好转,其它为无效。
2 结果
经1次激光治疗全部成功获得虹膜切孔,成功率100%.术后1a无切孔闭塞发生。
2.1 术后眼压 术后1mo眼压为2.45±0.35kPa,1a时为2.49±0.36kPa,与术前的3.27±0.33kPa比较经student's配对t检验均有显著性差异(P<0.001)。
2.2 疗效 (1)房角开放1/2以上的83眼中,治愈79眼,好转2眼,无效2眼,总有效率为97.59%;(2)房角开放小于1/2者43眼,其中有效24眼,好转13眼,无效6眼,总有效率为86.04%.房角开放程度与疗效有很大关系,χ2检验房角开放1/2以上者与开放1/2以下者,其治愈率有显著性差异(P<0.00001),而有效率差异稍小(P=0.0118)。
2.3 术后视力 术后1mo视力改善≥2行者7眼(5.56%),下降≥2行者4眼(3.71%),其它115眼(91.27%)。
2.4 不良反应及并发症 (1)术中虹膜出血:有2种情况,一种是由于YAG激光的切割作用使切孔处的虹膜血管出血,为2.4%(3例);另一种出血是由于YAG激光的冲击波作用使虹膜受到震动而引起出血,为1.6%(2例);(2)角膜损伤:1/5的患者术后出现异物感,裂隙灯检查可见轻度的角膜水肿,部分患者有局限性角膜上皮的脱落;(3)前房损伤性炎症及房水混浊:所有激光患者都有不同程度的前房炎症性反应,房水混浊,有时有KP。(4)术后暂时性高眼压:有65%患者术后出现一时性眼压增高,出现的高峰在术后1~2h。
[1] [2] 下一页 |