【摘要】目的:探讨准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(laser in situ keratomileusis, LASIK)对托吡卡胺角膜渗透性的影响。方法:对34例(64眼)接受LASIK治疗的近视眼患者,于术前和术后1mo测量并比较10g/L托吡卡胺扩瞳后5,10,15,20min以及25min时的瞳孔大小,并记录瞳孔达到6mm大小所需时间。结果:平均中央角膜厚度由术前555.4±32.3μm下降至术后475.6±33.5μm,差异有显著意义。术后1mo 10g/L托吡卡胺扩瞳后10,15,20min时的瞳孔直径明显大于术前相应时间点的瞳孔大小,而5,25min时的瞳孔大小无显著性差别。瞳孔达到6mm大小所需平均时间由术前14.66±4.28min减少至12.42±2.16min。结论:LASIK术后托吡卡胺的扩瞳作用显著加快。LASIK导致的角膜变薄增强了托吡卡胺的角膜渗透性。
【关键词】 瞳孔大小;角膜渗透性;托吡卡胺;准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术
Effect of laser in situ keratomileusis on corneal penetration of tropicamide
Cheng Lei,XiangYang Luo, XiaoLiang Luo
Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital, Wuhan Steel and Iron Group Company, Wuhan 430080, Hubei Province, China Correspondence to:Cheng Lei. Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital, Wuhan Steel and Iron Group Company, Wuhan 430080, Hubei Province, China. [email protected]
Abstract AIM: To investigate the effect of laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK)on the corneal penetration of tropicamide.METHODS: LASIK was performed in 64 eyes of 34 patients. After instillation of tropicamide 10g/L, pupil size at different time points was measured and the time to reach a pupil diameter of 6mm was recorded before surgery and at 1 month after surgery.RESULTS: The mean central corneal thickness(CCT)decreased from 555.4±32.3μm before LASIK to 475.6±33.5μm at 1 month postoperatively. Pupil diameter at 10, 15, and 20 minutes after tropicamide 10g/L instillation was significantly larger 1 month after surgery than preoperatively. The mean time to reach a pupil size of 6mm decreased significantly from 14.66±4.28 minutes in preoperative eyes to 12.42±2.16 minutes in postoperative eyes.CONCLUSION: Pupil dilation after tropicamide 10g/L instillation is significantly faster after LASIK surgery. Corneal thinning resulted from LASIK enhances corneal penetration of tropicamide. KEYWORDS: pupil size; corneal penetration; tropicamide; LASIK
引言
准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(laser in situ keratomileusis, LASIK)是目前开展最为广泛的角膜屈光手术。LASIK通过切削角膜基质,降低中央角膜曲率以达到矫正近视及散光的目的。但是,术后角膜厚度的降低可能会导致临床某些并发症的发生,如同样的眼压测量方法其结果较术前有明显差异[13],继发性圆锥角膜[46]等。从理论上推测术后角膜基质层变薄可能会增强局部药物的角膜渗透性,进而提高眼内有效药物浓度。同时,药物的毒副作用也会随之增强。迄今为止国内尚未见有关这方面的报道。本研究通过比较LASIK手术前后瞳孔对10g/L托吡卡胺的反应性,探讨了LASIK对10g/L托吡卡胺的角膜渗透性的影响。
1对象和方法
1.1对象 随机选择200503/08在我院屈光治疗中心接受近视LASIK手术的患者34例64眼,年龄19~41(平均26.48±5.76)岁。其中男18例35眼(55%),女16例29眼(45%)。屈光度(等效球镜值,SE)-2.00~-13.00D,平均-5.65±2.21D。受试对象均排除已确诊为青光眼、葡萄膜炎、干眼症以及曾有眼外伤或手术史、接受可影响瞳孔大小的药物治疗的患者。
1.2方法
包括视力、主觉验光、角膜地形图以及仔细的裂隙灯显微镜和眼底检查等。术前使用Colvard瞳孔计测量扩瞳前瞳孔大小。在受试眼下穹窿部滴入1滴10g/L托吡卡胺眼液,嘱患者轻轻闭眼3min后,然后分别测量5,10,15,20以及25min时的瞳孔直径,并记录瞳孔达6mm大小所需时间。随后使用TOMEY AL300型超声角膜测厚仪测量中央角膜厚度3次,取平均值。瞳孔大小的测量均由同一技师在相同的照明条件下完成,测量3次,取其平均值。测量前6h之内均未饮用含咖啡因饮料。术后1mo瞳孔及中央角膜厚度测量的方法和顺序同术前。 统计学处理:统计结果以均数±标准差表示。按需要采用SPSS11.5统计分析软件做配对t检验及线性相关分析。P<0.05认为差异有显著性意义。
2结果
术前平均中央角膜厚度555.4±32.3(485~630)μm,术后下降至475.6±33.5μm,差异有极显著性意义(P<0.01)。平均切削深度79.9±24.0(35~147)μm。10g/L托吡卡胺扩瞳后的瞳孔大小见表1。术后扩瞳10,15,20min后的瞳孔直径明显大于术前相应时间点。而扩瞳前以及扩瞳后5,25min后的瞳孔大小无显著差异(P>0.05)。术前10g/L托吡卡胺扩瞳后瞳孔直径达6mm需时14.66±4.28min,而术后下降至12.42±2.16min,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。平均切削深度和瞳孔大小的变化无相关性(r=0.302, P>0.05)。表1扩瞳后瞳孔大小的变化(略)
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