【摘要】目的:研究自体虹膜色素上皮细胞(iris pigment epithelium,IPE)移植治疗视网膜色素上皮细胞变性的效果。方法:采用酶机械分离酶消化法获取高纯度、高活力的IPE细胞用于移植,采用外路法将IPE细胞悬液移植入视网膜下腔。结果:IPE移植术后患者眼底移植区色素沉着减少,未见渗出,出血,视网膜平,视力入院时的0.15,术后2wk提高至0.2。多焦ERG显示移植区P1波平均反应密度上升。结论:自体虹膜色素上皮细胞移植有望成为视网膜色素上皮细胞变性疾病治疗的一新方法。
【关键词】 视网膜色素上皮变性;治疗;虹膜色素上皮;移植
Iris pigment epithelium transplantation for treating retinitis pigmentasa
GuoXing Xu, MaoSong Xie, Jian Guo, WeiDong Zheng, Qing He, Hong Lin, Shan Gao
Foundation item: Science Research Foundation of Major Project of Fujian Province, China (No. 2002Y002)
Ophthalmology Research Institution of Fujian Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian Province, China
Correspondence to: GuoXing Xu. Ophthalmology Research Institution of Fujian Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian Province, China. [email protected]
AbstractAIM: To investigate the effect of the iris pigment epithelium (IPE) transplantation for treating retinitis pigmentasa (RP).METHODS: RPE with high purity and activity was obtained from enzymemechanical separationenzyme digestion method, and then was transplanted to the subretinal space by extraocular surgery.RESULTS: After operation, chromatosis at transplantation region of fundus decreased, without effusion or hemorrhage. Retina was flat, and the visual acuity was improved to 0.2 at two weeks after operation compared with 0.15 when was admitted to hospital. P1 wave reaction density was increased from multifocus ERG. CONCLUSION: IPE cells transplantation may be a new method in treating RP.
KEYWORDS: retinitis pigmentasa; treat; iris pigment epithelium; transplantation
引言
视网膜色素上皮细胞变性(retinitis pigmentasa,RP)是以进行性感光细胞及色素上皮细胞功能丧失为共同表现的遗传性视网膜变性疾病。估计目前全世界已有患者约150万人,是眼底病致盲的重要原因之一[1]。目前尚缺乏有效的治疗方法来阻止或逆转这些疾病中的视网膜退行性改变。我们于2005年采用自体虹膜色素上皮细胞(iris pigment epithelium,IPE)移植治疗视网膜色素上皮变性,获得较为满意的疗效,现报告如下。
1对象和方法
1.1对象
我院确诊为双眼视网膜色素上皮细胞变性的女患者54岁。vod: 0.25、vos:0.15。双眼视物模糊近50岁,伴夜盲。入院后检查多焦视网膜电图(ERG)、视觉诱发电位(VEP)、彩色眼底照像、OCT检查、裂隙灯和散瞳眼部检查所见:双眼外眼(),晶状体混浊,双眼底视网膜平,弥漫性色素紊乱,散在骨细胞样色素沉着,视乳头色稍苍白,边界清,黄斑区中心凹反光消失,血管变细。荧光血管照影:双眼底背景荧光增强,未见渗漏。视网膜电图(ERG)视觉诱发电位(VEP):双眼FERG未记录到暗适应、暗适应最大反应的a、b波成分及振荡电位振幅。双眼FERG未记录到明适应反应的a、b波成分。mfERG:右眼各环P1波振幅反应密度值下降,左眼各环P1波振幅反应密度值显著下降。VEP:右眼30Hz反应的P1波振幅显著下降,左眼未记录到P1波振幅。OCT检查:双眼视网膜神经纤维层变薄。双眼管状视野。入院诊断:1双眼视网膜色素变性;2双眼并发性白内障。入院后第3d行左眼超声乳化白内障人工晶状体植入+虹膜色素上皮细胞移植术治疗。
1.2方法
患者仰卧位,常规消毒铺巾、开睑,上直肌吊线牵引。角膜缘遂道式阶梯板层切口长2.5mm,前房注healon,环形撕前囊(d=6mm),Phaco晶状体核,I/A皮质,植入博士伦折叠PIOL,同部注吸Healon,瞳孔圆,IOL位置好。行上方虹膜根部切除术,切除虹膜大小约3.5mm×3.5mm,切除虹膜组织交与助手制备虹膜色素上皮细胞。在助手制备细胞同时术者继续进行手术操作,颞上方结膜下注入利多卡因麻醉,作上方10点半角膜缘后12cm处平行于角巩缘的结膜切口长约5mm及巩膜切口长约3mm切口,剥离至隐约可见脉络膜。以100进口尼龙线作预置缝线。于切口处以IPE移植专用引导针穿刺入视网膜下腔,用IPE移植专用移植器注入30μL的IPE细胞悬液(50/μL),结扎巩膜预置缝线,眼底镜直视下确认细胞移植入视网膜下腔,无出血、穿孔。缝合结膜切口。要求术后3d内患者仰卧。眼部应用皮质类固醇、抗生素和非甾体消炎眼液qd,托品卡胺散瞳qd。术后2wk复查视力、裂隙灯检查及检眼底镜、多焦视网膜电图(ERG)、视觉诱发电位(VEP) 等检查。
2结果
术后2wk检查:左眼结膜充血,切口愈合好,角膜透明,前房中等深,房水清,虹膜周切口可见,瞳孔圆,人工晶状体位置正。诉视物较术前清晰。左眼视力从术前的0.15提高至0.2。多焦ERG显示移植区P1波平均反应密度上升。
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