【摘要 目的:探讨氩离子激光对中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变(中浆病)的疗效。方法:对62例(64眼)眼底荧光造影确诊为中浆病的患者随机分为激光组(32眼)和药物组(32眼),激光组采用氩绿激光治疗,药物组采用活血化瘀药物及多种微量元素静脉滴注,分别在治疗后10,20d复查视力、眼底情况。结果:激光组激光10d后31眼(97%)治愈;20d 31眼(97%)治愈;药物组治疗后10d,16眼(50%)治愈,20d时19眼(59%)治愈。经χ2检验,两者有显著性差异。随访0.5~1a,激光组仅1眼(3%)复发,药物组9眼(28%)复发,经χ2检验,两者也有显著性差异。发病在1mo以内的中浆病早期采用激光治疗效果好。结论:氩激光治疗中浆病是一种准确有效的治疗方法。
【关键词】 氩绿激光;光凝术;中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变
Clinical analysis of argon laser in treating central serous chorioretinopathy
XianXia Wang
Department of Ophthalmology, the First Peoples Hospital, Wuhu 241000, Anhui Province, China
Abstract AIM: To discuss the clinical effect of argon laser in treatment of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) .METHODS: Sixtyfour eyes of 62 patients with CSC diagnosed by funds fluorescein angiography (FFA) were divided into laser group (32 eyes) and drug group (32 eyes). The laser group were treated by argon green laser, and the drug group were given drugs of the circulation of blood and multitrace elements by intravenous injection. The visual acuity and fundus of eyes in both groups were examined at 10, 20 days after therapy, respectively. RESULTS: In laser group, there were 31 eyes (97%) recovered on day 10 and 20 after treatment. While in drug group, 16 eyes (50%) and 19 eyes (59%) were recovered at 10 days and 20 days after treatment, respectively. By χ2 test, the difference was statistically significant. During half or more than half a year of following up, only one eye (3%) recurred in laser group, while 9 eyes (28%) in drug group. The effect was great if laser was immediately used as a therapeutic method once CSC happened in one month. CONCLUSION: Argon laser is an accurate and effective method in treating CSC.KEYWORDS: argon green laser; photocoagulation; central serous chorioretinopathy
0引言
中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜疾病(central serous chorioretinopathy, CSC)简称中浆病,是由于视网膜色素上皮(retinal pigment epithelium, RPE)功能障碍引起黄斑部视网膜神经上皮层局限性浆液性脱离的一种疾病。多见于25~50岁的男性青壮年,多单眼发病。患者视物模糊,视物变形,眼前有黑影。此病有自限性,但多次反复发作会影响视功能。本病无特殊药物治疗,但对大部分患者激光治疗效果可靠,可明显缩短病程,减少复发。现对我们的治疗经验报道如下。
1对象和方法
1.1对象
2006 05/2008 05经眼底荧光造影明确诊断的中浆病患者62例(64眼),其中男47例(49眼),女15例(15眼),年龄26~51(平均39.2)岁,病程1d~6mo。
1.2方法
将患者根据确诊登记顺序编号,随机等分成激光组和药物组。两组的初始视力、渗漏点数目、部位、眼别、病程无显著性差异。对激光组患者仅进行激光治疗,不使用任何药物。激光采用美国科医人公司Novus氩离子激光机,激光前用美多丽眼药充分散大瞳孔,倍诺喜眼药表面麻醉后置三面镜,根据眼底荧光造影(fundus fluorescene angiography, FFA)光凝黄斑中心凹200μm以外的渗漏区,用氩绿光(波长514nm),功率50~120mW, 光斑直径100μm, 曝光时间0.1s, 点数4~17点,光凝反应弱一级,视网膜上皮出现极淡灰色反应。药物组采用活血化瘀药物参麦和多种微量元素静脉滴注,以改善微循环。 两组均在治疗后10,20d复查,并随访0.5~1a。疗效判断如下:(1)无效:视力无提高或提高不明显,FFA示渗漏无明显改善;(2)有效:视力提高>1行,FFA显示渗漏减少;(3)痊愈:视力提高>2行,自觉症状消失,FFA示渗漏消失。有效和痊愈统称为临床治愈。对相关资料进行χ2检验,比较两组有无显著差异性。
2结果
64眼中浆病激光与药物治疗效果比较见表1,其中有效率=(痊愈+有效)/总数。经χ2检验,两组有效率比较有显著性差异(P<0.01)。20d治疗结束后,治疗组与药物组的视力情况也有较大差异(表2)。随访0.5~1a,每月检查一次眼底,对可疑病例结合视力情况进行造影,结果激光组仅1例(3%)复发,对照组9例(28%)复发。所有复发均经眼底荧光造影证实,表现为色素上皮失代偿,原活动处的渗漏液极少,形成亮度增加,大小不变的荧光着色点。经χ2检验,两组复发有显著性差异(P<0.01)。另外,查阅病历资料发现:激光组中无效的这例患者,系由于病史较长,达4mo,发病较明显,患者在病程初期就诊过,眼底检查黄斑周围盘状隆起明显,中心反射消失,隆起区逐渐出现多个黄白色渗出点,眼底荧光造影显示渗漏明显。因经济原因,患者失去最佳治疗机会,没有采取任何治疗措施,所以效果较差。在所有激光病例中,此例病程最长。而发病在1mo以内的病例,激光治疗效果较好,视力提高明显。治疗药物组中效果欠佳或无效的病例也与病程较长,荧光渗漏较明显有关。此例激光失败者,距首次激光治疗1mo后,行二次激光治疗,亦获得痊愈。随访过程中,未发现激光组有并发症发生。表1中浆病激光与药物治疗结果比较(略)表2治疗后20d激光组与药物组视力情况比较(略)
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