【摘要】目的:探讨己酮可可碱对大鼠视网膜缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及机制。
方法:视网膜缺血再灌注模型是通过提高前房眼内压来实现的。将35只Wistar大鼠随机分为3组:正常组5只,对照组15只,治疗组15只。治疗组于高眼压前6h和眼压正常后即刻己酮可可碱50mg/kg ip,对照组于相同时间点等容量生理盐水ip。监测视网膜电流图(ERG)b波的变化,测定视网膜谷氨酸含量以及视网膜线粒体钙含量。
结果:治疗组和对照组谷氨酸含量都在缺血再灌注后逐渐上升,在48h达到峰值,两组都明显高于空白对照组(P<0.01)。在6h点治疗组与对照组间无显著差异,在其他时点对照组的Glu含量明显高于治疗组(P<0.05)。治疗组和对照组视网膜线粒体钙含量在缺血再灌注后逐渐上升,在24h达到峰值,然后逐渐下降。两组都明显高于空白对照组(P<0.01)。在6h 点治疗组与对照组间无显著差异,在其他时点对照组的视网膜线粒体钙浓度明显高于治疗组(P<0.05)。再灌注后,对照组ERG b 波比较低平;再灌注后1h,对照组、治疗组的ERG相对b 波无明显的差异。24h后两组b 波都降低到最低,然后逐渐恢复;72h后对照组ERG b波仅恢复到正常眼的69%左右。己酮可可碱处理组ERG b 波恢复到正常眼的95%左右,ERG b 波明显较对照组高( P<0.01) 。
结论:己酮可可碱能有效降低视网膜谷氨酸含量及视网膜组织细胞线粒体钙离子含量,促进ERG b波的恢复,缩短了视网膜缺血再灌注的病理过程。对大鼠视网膜缺血再灌注损伤有一定的保护作用。
【关键词】 视网膜 缺血再灌注损伤 己酮可可碱
Protective effects and mechanism of Pentoxifylline against retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in Wistar rats
RongKui Guo, XinMing Wang
Department of Human Anatomy, Weifang Medical Collge, Weifang 261042, Shandong Province, China
Abstract AIM: To observe the protective effects of Pentoxifylline against retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in Wistar rats, and to investigate its mechanism. METHODS: A total of 35 Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups as sham (5), control (15) and treatment (15) groups. After application of high intraocular pressure for 60 minutes for the induction of retinal ischemia, 72hour reperfusion was established in the control and treatment groups. In the control, saline was given and in treatment groups, 50mg/kg of Pentoxifylline was given before 6hour ischemia and the beginning of reperfusion through intraperitoneal injection. The contents of retinal Glutamic acid and mitochondria calcium, as well as Electroretinogram (ERG) b wave were determined for each group. RESULTS: The Glu levels of treatment group and control group rose gradually and reached its peak after 48 hours in the ischemic/reperfusion, and that of two groups were significantly higher than sham group (P<0.01). 6hour point in treatment group and control group had no significant difference (P>0.05); at the other points, the Glu levels of control group were significantly higher than that of treatment group (P<0.05). Retinal mitochondria calcium levels of treatment group and control group rose gradually and reached its peak at 24 hours after the ischemic reperfusion, then gradually declined, and that of two groups were significantly higher than sham group (P<0.01). 6hour point in treatment group and sham group had no significant difference (P>0.05) and the Glu levels of control group were significantly higher than that of treatment group (P<0.05) at the other points. After 1 hour of reperfusion, ERG relative bwave of control group and treatment group had no significant difference. By 24hour, bwave of both groups were reduced to the minimum, then, gradually restored. At 72hour, ERG bwave of sham group returned to normal only 69% and treatment groups returned to normal for about 95%, they had a statistically significant (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Pentoxifylline can reduce the levels of retinal Glu and retinal mitochondrial calcium, improve ERG bwave to normal and shorten the pathological process of the retinal ischemia reperfusion. Pentoxifylline has a protective effect on Wistar rats retinal ischemia reperfusion injury. KEYWORDS: ischemiareperfusion injury; retina; Pentoxifylline
0引言 视网膜是眼内最易遭受缺血再灌注损伤的组织。己酮可可碱对脑缺血再灌注损伤有防护作用[1], 而视网膜为中枢神经系统周边部分, 是中枢神经系统一个简化模式, 理论上推测己酮可可碱对视网膜缺血再灌注损伤有一定的防护作用。通过测定视网膜组织谷氨酸及线粒体钙离子含量,以及监测视网膜电流图(ERG) b波变化,来探讨己酮可可碱对视网膜缺血再灌注损伤的防护作用如下。
1材料和方法
1.1材料 健康Wistar大鼠35只,雌雄不拘,体质量200~250g,由潍坊医学院动物治疗中心提供;己酮可可碱,由Sigma公司提供;谷氨酸分析试剂盒,由南京建成生物工程研究所提供。视觉电生理诊断系统,LG102214A型超速离心机(北京医用离心机厂),WHF1F2B原子吸收分光光度计,756MC紫外分光光度计(上海精密科学仪器有限公司)。将大鼠随机分为3组:正常对照组(5只),对照组(15只),治疗组(15只)。视网膜缺血再灌注模型是通过提高前房内眼内压来实现的。具体方法:盐酸氯胺酮注射液和盐酸氯丙嗪注射液等量混合,以50mg/kg大鼠腹腔内注射麻醉。左眼滴10g/L丁卡因眼药水麻醉、1g/L托吡卡胺散瞳和30g/L氧氟沙星眼药水消毒。将连接装有生理盐水输液瓶的5号头皮针刺入大鼠左眼前房并固定,升高输液瓶至150cm高度,此高度可在眼内形成110mmHg的眼压,间接检眼镜证实视网膜血管血流中断,持续60min后,输液瓶降低至大鼠眼球水平,拔出针头,检眼镜检查视网膜动脉搏动,证实视网膜恢复供血,再灌注发生。治疗组于高眼压前6h眼压正常后即刻2个时间点腹腔注射己酮可可碱50mg/kg,对照组于相同时间点腹腔注射等容量生理盐水。
1.2方法 视网膜电图的检测结束后,在深麻醉状态下,迅速摘取眼球,在冰环境中沿角巩膜缘剪开,去除角膜及晶状体,用有齿镊夹住视神经,然后外翻眼球,用无齿显微镊钝性分离视网膜后,用冷生理盐水冲洗净血迹,并用滤纸吸干表面水分,放入已称重的EP管中,以分析天平称重视网膜。(1)视网膜电图的测定:采用视觉电生理诊断系统进行闪光视网膜电流图检查。刺激参数设定为单次闪光持续时间为10μs,闪光强度0.02Calm,每个时间点至少测量3 次。将麻醉固定好的动物暗适应30min,5g/L托吡卡胺散大瞳孔,记录电极置于角膜上,参考电极置于两眼连线中点的前额皮下,接地电极刺入耳根部。左右眼分别对准刺激器单眼记录ERG图形。记录方式:每组动物分别记录缺血前、缺血期、再灌注0,6,12,24,48,72h的ERG,记录双眼b波振幅。将手术眼(左眼)与未手术眼(右眼)的b波相比,所得b波比值(相对b波) ,应用方差分析的方法进行统计学处理。(2)视网膜谷氨酸含量检测:用双蒸水配成100g/L的湿质量匀浆。匀浆液3000r/min离心15min;取上清液考马斯亮蓝法检测蛋白含量,采用比色法检测谷氨酸含量,严格按试剂盒说明书进行操作,每次测量时均用新鲜配制液并测定标准管。(3)视网膜细胞线粒体钙离子含量测定:低温条件下,按湿质量:体积=1∶8浓度用蔗糖Tris溶液稀释,研磨器研磨后制成匀浆,过滤后差速离心,得到线粒体沉淀物。以原子火焰吸收分光法测定线粒体钙浓度;以Lowry法测定线粒体悬液的蛋白浓度,得到线粒体钙含量。 统计学处理:资料以±s表示,采用SPSS 13.0统计软件进行单因素方差分析。
2结果
2.1视网膜电图正常Wistar大鼠右眼ERG b 波为107.9±9.5μV ,左眼为110.4±9.8μV ,经过配对资料的t检验处理,左右眼差异无显著性(P=0.9523) ,两眼有可比性。左眼的相对ERG b波为0.98±0.03。眼内加压10min后,左眼ERG b波振幅为28.2±1.7μV ,而右眼仍为108.6±8.8μV ,ERG相对b 波为0.26±0.03。再灌注后对照组ERG b 波比较低平;24h后b波明显降低,只有正常眼的26%左右,然后逐渐恢复;72h后ERG b波仅恢复到正常眼的69%左右。己酮可可碱处理后24 h, b波可达正常眼的55%左右;术后72 h ,ERG b 波恢复到正常眼的95%左右,ERG b波明显较对照组高。同时在再灌注后1h,对照组、己酮可可碱组的ERG相对b 波无明显的差异;6h后治疗组的ERG相对b波恢复到正常的53% ,比对照组(42%) 的ERG相对b波高(P<0.05)。可以看出,再灌注后12h内,ERG有所恢复,但24h损伤加重,24h后逐渐恢复(表1)。但是在6h 以前,己酮可可碱对大鼠缺血再灌注眼ERG的影响不明显。
2.2视网膜组织谷氨酸含量 治疗组和对照组Glu含量水平都在缺血再灌注后逐渐上升,在48h达到峰值,两组都明显高于空白对照组(P<0.01)。在6h治疗组与对照组间无显著差异,在其他时点对照组的Glu含量明显高于治疗组(P<0.05,表2)。
2.3视网膜组织细胞线粒体钙含量比较 治疗组和对照组视网膜细胞线粒体钙含量水平在缺血再灌注后逐渐上升,在24h达到峰值,然后逐渐下降。两组都明显高于空白对照组(P<0.01)。在6h治疗组与对照组间无显著差异,在其他时点对照组的细胞线粒体钙含量明显高于治疗组(P<0.05,表2)。
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