作者:谢茂松,吴雅冰,徐国兴
作者单位:350005)中国福建省福州市,福建医科大学附属第一医院 福建省眼科研究所
【摘要】 目的:研究GM 6001干预外伤性增生性玻璃体视网膜病变的病理形态学改变。方法:将SD大鼠180只随机分为对照组、tPVR组和外伤后应用GM 6001组,应用透射电镜观察视网膜结构变化。结果:透射电镜示tPVR组大鼠视网膜光感受器细胞和RPE、视网膜内外屏障受损,而外伤后应用GM 6001组视网膜光感受器细胞外节膜盘结构尚清晰,RPE基底部质膜内褶较tPVR组多,胞质中含大量线粒体、吞饮小泡和滑面内质网,细胞连接规则。结论:GM 6001可保护视网膜组织结构,在干预 tPVR的发生发展中起重要作用。
【关键词】 GM 6001;外伤性增生性玻璃体视网膜病变;病理形态学
Study on pathomorphology of traumatic proliferative vitreoretinopathy after GM 6001 intervention
MaoSong Xie, YaBing Wu, GuoXing Xu
Foundation items:Science Research Foundation of Ministry of Health, China (No.WKJ20052013); Natural Science Research Foundation of Fujian, China (No.C0510015); Professor Development Fund of Fujian Medical University (No.2006js6033)
Fujian Institute of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian Province, China
AbstractAIM: To investigate the pathomorphology differences between the tPVR intervented with GM 6001 and without GM 6001.METHODS: Totally 180 SD rats were divided randomly into three groups: the control group, the tPVR group, the tPVR treated with GM 6001 group. The ultramicrostructure of the retina was revealed by the transmission electron microscope. RESULTS: The transmission electron microscope showed that the retinal photorecepter cells, the retinal pigment epithelium and the retina inner and outer barriers were damaged in the tPVR group. In the tPVR treated with GM 6001 group, the membranous discs of the outer segment of the retinal photorecepter cells were still clear. There were plenty of chondriosome, pinocytosis bullules and smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm. The cell junction was regular. The plasma membrane infoldings of the basilar part of the retinal pigment epithelium in the tPVR treated with GM 6001 group were more than that in the tPVR group. CONCLUSION:GM 6001 may protect the ultramicrostructure of the retina and play an important role in interventing course of tPVR. KEYWORDS:GM 6001;traumatic proliferative vitreoretinopathy; pathomorphology
增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(proliferative vitreoretinopathy,PVR)定义为视网膜表面发生无血管的纤维细胞性膜的增殖,是引起视网膜再脱离的主要原因。外伤性增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(traumatic proliferative vitreoretinopathy,tPVR)是发生在眼球穿通伤后因创伤修复的过度瘢痕化所引起的牵引性视网膜脱离。其发病率高,病程发展快,且缺乏有效的预防措施,临床疗效欠佳。因此,如何在外伤后及早干预tPVR的发生一直是研究的热点和难点。目前,在国内外各种研究中,对tPVR病程中视网膜超微结构改变报道甚少。无论从何种发病机制来说,视网膜的变化在tPVR的发生发展中都起着不可忽略的重要作用。本研究通过建立实验性tPVR的SD大鼠模型,应用透射电镜观察大鼠视网膜组织超微结构的病理形态学变化,探讨GM 6001干预tPVR病程机制。
1材料和方法
1.1材料 实验动物与分组:雄性清洁级SpragueDawley(SD)大鼠,体质量250±25g。实验分组:将SD大鼠180只,按随机数字法分为对照组(N)、tPVR组(M)和外伤后应用GM 6001组(T),每组60只。各组再随机分为6个亚组:1,3,7,14,21和28d,每亚组10只(10眼)。
图1透射电镜结果(TEM×12500) A:tPVR组视杆细胞外节膜盘结构消失,代之以许多黑色粗大颗粒;B:可见圆形式仲圆形色素颗粒,视网膜血管内皮细胞膜完整、连续、异染色质分布均匀;C:外伤后应用GM 6001组,视网膜光感受器细胞外节膜盘结构尚清晰,排列欠整齐,与RPE顶部微绒毛连接疏松;RPE基底部质膜内褶较tPVR组多,胞质中含大量线粒体、吞饮小泡和滑面内质网,部分线粒体嵴脱失。细胞连接清晰、规则(略)
1.2方法
1.2.1 SD大鼠动物模型 (1)实验对照组动物模型制备:SD大鼠左眼为实验眼,右眼为自身对照眼。常规麻醉,散瞳,消毒铺巾,暴露左眼,在显微镜观察下,用微量注射器从颞上方睫状体扁平部即距角膜缘后1mm处向玻璃体腔内、视盘前方注入生理盐水20μL。外伤后12h向玻璃体腔内、视盘前方注射生理盐水20μL。第14d重复注射一次。(2)tPVR组(M)动物模型制备:手术方法同前,注入PRP血浆(自体富含血小板血浆:SD大鼠鼠尾采血1mL,与1/l0体积的抗凝剂混合,低速(1000r/min)离心10min,吸取上层液即为PRP )20μL。外伤后12h向玻璃体腔内、视盘前方注射生理盐水20μL。第14d重复注射一次。(3)外伤后应用GM 6001组(T)动物模型制备:手术方法同前,注入PRP血浆20μL。外伤后12h向玻璃体腔内、视盘前方注射20μL (100μmol/L)GM 6001。第14d重复注射一次。
1.2.2确立tPVR模型 外伤后1wk内每日观察眼底,此后每周检查2次,选择性眼底照相。以玻璃体腔内出现增殖膜、视网膜脱离为tPVR模型成功标准。
1.2.3取材 大鼠饲养到期后,静脉注射戊巴比妥钠(60mg/kg),30g/L戊二醛行心脏灌流,迅速摘除眼球,在垫有冰块的平皿上迅速切除眼前节,分离视网膜,以视神经为中心,取颞上及颞下视网膜组织,切成1.5mm× 3.0mm长方形小片,迅速固定于预冷的电镜液,4℃保存;送福建医科大学电镜室常规制样,用透射电子显微镜观察视网膜的超微结构;每个标本观察2张切片。
1.2.4电镜制样与观察 取材后经30g/L戊二醛15g/L多聚甲醛前固定数天(4℃),10g/L锇酸15g/L亚铁氰化钾后固定1.5h,PBS漂洗;700mL/L乙醇饱和醋酸铀染液块染乙醇丙酮梯度脱水,环氧树脂618包埋剂包埋。超薄切片80nm,醋酸铀、柠檬酸铅各染色5min;在日立Hu12A型透射电镜下观察、摄影。
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