作者:杨安怀,周治民,梅海峰,艾明
Vitrectomy combined with phacofragmentation and trabeculectomy for glaucoma due to complete luxation of lens
[Abstract] Objective To evaluate the clinical therapeutic effects of vitrectomy combined with phacofragmentation and trabeculectomy for glaucoma due to complete luxation of lens.Methods Vitrectomy was performed in 9 patients with traumatic glaucoma due to complete luxation of lens at first,then phacofragmented the lens in the middle of Vitreous cavity,At last trabeculectomy was followed.There were the common characters in these patients:(1)Lens dislocation in vitreous cavity.(2)Dilalation of pupil and flat anterior chamber.(3)Intraocular pressures (IOP) were above 40 mmHg and drugs treatment were effectless.Results The postoperative visual acuity had improved in various degrees in all cases.The peroperative visual acuity were between light perceptions (LP) to hand movements (HM),while the postoperative visual acuity recovered to counting fingers (CF) in 2 eyes,0.1~0.3 in 3 eyes,>0.3 in 4 eyes.The postoperative IOP were 15~20 mmHg in 5 eyes,20~24 mmHg in 4 eyes and decreased below 20 mmHg following treatment of eyes drops obtained.Conclusion Vitrectomy combined with phacofragmentation and trabeculotomy for glaucoma due to complete luxation of lens has the advantages of little injurys in ocular tissues,light astigmatism and few postoperative complications.
[Key words] vitrectomy;phacofragmentation;trabeculectomy
钝伤导致的晶体全脱位除引起视力障碍和部分视野遮挡外,最常见的并发症是青光眼,最有效的治疗方式是手术治疗。近年随着玻璃体切割器及超声粉碎的发展和应用,极大程度地提高了晶体全脱位性青光眼的手术成功率,减少了手术并发症[1,2]。现将我科用玻璃切割联合超声粉碎治疗9例晶体全脱位性青光眼的临床资料报告如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 1997年3月~2000年4月收治9例(9眼)晶体全脱位性青光眼,男7例,女2例,年龄14~56岁,平均36.7岁。眼部情况:(1)晶体脱入玻璃体腔并发白内障;(2)继发性青光眼持续性高眼压,经药物治疗无效;(3)玻璃体疝,玻璃体混浊。
1.2 手术方法 (1)玻璃体切割,采用常规三通道玻璃体切割术:由前至后切除玻璃体中央部分及周边部分,达到晶体表面。(2)超声粉碎晶体,将超声粉碎头伸至视网膜前晶体表面后,启动吸引开关,使脱位的晶体吸引到玻璃体腔中央进行超声粉碎,待晶体完全超声粉碎后,吸除所有碎块,再插入玻璃体切割头,切除后极部视网膜表面的玻璃体。(3)小梁切除:按常规小梁切除方式切除小梁。
2 结果
2.1 视力 术后视力均有不同程度提高,其中指数者2眼,0.1~0.3者有3眼,0.3以上者有4眼。
2.2 眼压 术后所有病例眼压均恢复正常或略偏高,15~20mmHg者有5眼,20~24mmHg 4眼,经点滴限眼压药物后,眼压降至20mmHg以下。
2.3 眼底 所有病例视网膜平伏,有3眼视网膜有少量出血灶,大多在6个月以内吸收。
3 讨论
3.1 晶体脱位性青光眼的病因 笔者认为晶体脱位至玻璃体腔导致继发性青光眼,是由多种因素综合所致,(1)瞳孔阻滞:晶体因外伤脱位至玻璃体腔后,玻璃体腔前面的玻璃体前境界膜与瞳孔缘紧密相贴,阻断了前、后房交通,房水潴留于后房,虹膜膨隆,前房变浅,虹膜根部与小梁网紧密接触;房水排除受阻,眼压持续性升高,虹膜膨隆加剧,进一步加剧房水潴留于玻璃体腔,眼压居高不下,形成恶性循环。(2)虹膜周边前粘连:多因晶体脱位至玻璃体腔后,瞳孔阻滞,眼压持续性升高,前房消失,虹膜根部粘连,此种情况,若不及早手术治疗,将使患者视功能严重受损,甚至失明。(3)其他:有些病例,既无瞳孔阻滞,又无虹膜周边前粘连,其眼压升高,一种可能是与外伤本身有关,或因直接损伤了小梁组织,或为前列腺素作用的结果,与无晶体脱位挫伤性青光眼相似。另一种是脱位晶体浑浊后,发生晶体溶解性青光眼,它与正常位置过熟期白内障可发生晶体溶解性青光眼一样。
3.2 手术治疗 对于脱位于玻璃体中的晶体,以往手术摘除的方式多为双针固定、冷冻或晶体匙、囊圈捞出,这些手术方式均有许多并发症,包括角膜内皮损伤、玻璃体溢出、视网膜脱离等[3]。近年来随着现代显微手术的发展和自动吸切系统的应用,玻璃体切割联合超声粉碎、小梁切除治疗晶体全脱位性青光眼,收到了良好的手术效果[4]。这种闭合式手术方法具有对眼内组织损伤小,术中维持恒定眼内压,术后散光小等优点,而且显著减少葡萄膜炎和视网膜脱离等并发症的发生。术后眼内压控制良好,随访所有病例,无一例眼压增高。但在应用此项技术时手术技巧方面应注意:(1)玻璃体应完整切除;(2)将晶体吸至玻璃体腔中央,远离视网膜后才可进行超声粉碎,以免损伤视网膜。(3)根据晶体核硬度控制超声能量大小,不可盲目增加超声能量而造成眼内其他组织的损伤。可同时植入缝线式房型人工晶体。
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