【摘要】 目的 分析准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(LASIK)治疗近视性屈光参差及混合性散光的临床疗效。方法 2002年8月~2007年8月在我科接受LASIK治疗的近视性屈光参差及混合性散光患者196例(300眼),根据屈光状态不同分为2组,A组:近视性屈光参差107例(170眼);B组:混合性散光89例(130眼),并对其进行回顾性分析。结果 术后第1天裸眼视力即有明显提高;术后1周达到或接近术前最佳矫正视力;术后3个月时视力趋向稳定,裸眼视力与预期矫正视力符合率A组为164眼(96.47%),B组为121眼(93.08%)。术后3个月时实际矫正屈光度与预期矫正屈光度差值在±0.75D范围内者两组分别为96.47%及91.54%,屈光回退者两组分别为6眼(3.66%)及4眼(3.31%)。结论 LASIK在治疗近视性屈光参差及混合性散光中是安全、有效和可预测的。疗效的提高有赖于设备与方法的改进、手术技巧的熟练及经验的积累。
【关键词】 准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术;屈光参差;混合性散光
[Abstract] Objective To analyse the curative effect of excimer laser-in-situ keratomileusis(LASIK) for myopia anisometropia and mixed astigmatism.Methods The retrospective study involved 196 patients(300 eyes) with myopia anisometropia and mixed astigmatism who received LASIK treatment from August in 2002 to August in 2007 in our department.They were divided into two groups according to preoperative diopters:Group A,107 cases (170 eyes) with myopia anisometropia and Group B,89 cases (130 eyes) with mixed astigmatism.Results Naked visual acuity had been improved clearly on the second day after surgery and arrived or approached the best corrected visual acuity of preoperation.After three months the visual acuity tended to stabilize.The coincidence rates between naked visual acuity and anticipated corrected visual acuity were 96.47% in Group A (164 eyes) and 93.08% in Group B (121 eyes).The different range within ±0.75D between actual corrected diopters and anticipated corrected diopters were 96.47% and 91.54% in the above two groups accordingly.Regressive eyes were 6 (3.66%) and 4 eyes (3.31%) in two groups accordingly.Conclusion It is safe,effective and predictable for excimer laser-in-situ keratomileusis(LASIK) to treat myopia anisometropia and mixed astigmatism.The improvement of effect depends on improvements of apparatus and methods,proficiency of surgical technique and experience accumulation.
[Key words] LASIK;anisometropia;mixed astigmatism
准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(LASIK)是目前矫正屈光不正的普及手术之一,已为广大患者所接受,手术适应证也逐步扩大。自2002年8月~2007年8月,我科已对196例近视性屈光参差及混合性散光患者(300眼)实行LASIK手术,取得了较好的效果,现作如下报告与分析。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 近视性屈光参差及混合性散光患者共196例(300眼),其中左眼146例,右眼154例,男138眼,女162眼,年龄16~44岁,平均21岁。病例分组:A组:近视性屈光参差(双眼屈光度相差2D以上)107例(170眼);B组:混合性散光89例(130眼)。纳入条件:(1)佩戴隐形眼镜者脱镜2周以上;(2)角膜厚度>450 μm;(3)眼部无活动性病变;(4)最佳矫正视力≥0.5;(5)无其他系统性疾病或瘢痕体质者;(6)未服用影响角膜代谢药物;(7)视网膜周边变性,眼底激光治疗1个月后;(8)无圆锥角膜倾向者。
1.2 术前检查项目 电脑验光(NDEK AR-600A),非接触式眼压测量(TOPCON CT-60),角膜地形图(KERA TRON),散瞳验光,插片验光,眼轴A超测量(TOMEY AL-1000),角膜测厚(DGH 1000),裂隙灯及眼底镜检查。
1.3 手术方法 结膜囊冲洗,倍诺喜表麻,术眼常规消毒铺巾,开睑器开睑,确定角膜光学中心,安放负压吸引环,抽吸测眼压达8.67 kPa后用微型角膜瓣切开刀(MORIA KN-5000A)制作鼻侧带蒂直径约7.5 mm角膜瓣,瓣厚约130~180 μm,翻转角膜瓣,吸除角膜基质床水分,用进口准分子激光仪进行角膜板层切削,之后用BBS液冲洗残留物,复位角膜瓣,点抗生素眼液,戴透明有孔硬质眼罩24 h。
1.4 术后用药 典必殊、氟米龙、爱丽滴眼,并逐步减量,用药时间约1个月。
1.5 术后复查 术后第1、3、7天及1、3、6、12、24个月定期复查。复查内容:主诉,视力,屈光状态,地形图,眼压,角膜情况等。
1.6 统计学方法 采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 2 结果
2.1 一般情况 术后12 h内有轻度眼部异物感,24 h症状基本消失,1~3天内角膜上皮愈合。少数患者有轻度角膜层间反应,术后1周恢复正常。
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