作者:王峰,雷智,高永杰,王志勇 作者单位:(周口市眼科医院,河南 周口 466002)
【摘要】目的 探讨老年性白内障小切口摘出术中连续环形撕囊的效果和优点。方法 老年性白内障348例348眼随机分成2组:连续环形撕囊组(观察组)174例(174眼)和开罐式截囊组(对照组)174例(174眼),观察2组术后视力、脱盲率(视力≥0.05)、脱残率(视力≥0.3)和术中﹑术后主要并发症的发生情况。结果 术后视力≥0.05者,观察组166眼,脱盲率为95.4%;对照组162眼,脱盲率为93.1%,2组间无统计学差异(χ2=0.85,P>0.05)。术后视力≥0.3者观察组150眼,脱残率为85.1%;对照组133眼,脱残率为76.4%,2组间有显著差异(χ2=5.47,P<0.05)。术中后囊破裂者观察组8眼,对照组18眼,2组间有显著差异(χ2=4.16,P<0.05)。观察组术后并发症发生率明显低于对照组(χ2=8.04,P<0.01),其中术后持续性高眼压发生率观察组明显低于对照组(χ2=4.05,P<0.05)。结论 在老年性白内障小切口摘出手术中,应用连续环形撕囊法,并发症少,可作为首选方法。
【关键词】 小切口白内障摘出术;连续环形撕囊术;老年性白内障
Application of the continuous circular capsulorhexis in small incision senile cataract extraction
WANG Feng,LEI Zhi,GAO Yongjie,et al
(Zhoukou Eye Hospital,Zhoukou 466002,China)
Abstract: Objective To explore the effect and advantages of using the continuous circular capsulorhexis(CCC) in senile cataract extraction with small incision.Methods Three hundred and fortyeight cases of senile cataract(348 eyes) were divided into the continuous circular capsulorhexis group(observation group) and the open cutoff tank capsule group(control group),174 cases(174 eyes) in each group.The postoperative sight,the rate of disblindness and discrippledom,intraoperative and postoperative complication were observed.Results The postoperative visual acuity was above 0.05 in 166 eyes in observation group,the rate of disblindness was 95.4%,and this was 93.1% in control group,there was no significant difference between two groups(χ2=0.85,P>0.05).The postoperative visual acuity was above 0.3 in 150 eyes in observation group,and 133 eyes in control group,the the rate of discrippledom was 85.1% and 76.4% in observation and control group respectively,there was significant difference between two groups(χ2=5.47,P<0.05).The posterior capsule ruptured in 8 eyes during operation in observation group,and 18 eyes in control group,there was significant difference between two groups(χ2=4.16,P<0.05).The rate of postoperative complications was lower obviously in observation group than this in control group(χ2=8.04,P<0.01),and the rate of postoperative durative bulbi hypertonia was lower obviously in observation group than this in control group(χ2=4.05,P<0.05).Conclusion The application of continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis in the senile cataract extraction with small incision surgery can be used as the preferred method with fewer complications. Key words: small incision cataract extraction;continuous circular capsulorhexis;senile cataract 老年性白内障因晶状体核硬且较大,悬韧带脆弱松弛,囊的弹性下降,术中操作稍有不当即易出现严重的手术并发症。以往治疗老年性白内障,在小切口手术中均采用开罐式截囊,但发生后囊破裂的机会较多。随着连续环形撕囊技术的日臻成熟,对老年性白内障小切口摘出术中应用连续环形撕囊也能成功完成。作者对周口市眼科医院2005年7月至2007年6月住院的174例(174眼)老年性白内障患者,进行小切口(非超声乳化)白内障摘出术,术中应用连续环形撕囊和双手挽核法,减少了后囊破裂的发生,术后并发症少,效果满意,现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
老年性白内障患者348例(348眼),男152例(152眼),女196例(196眼),年龄59~93岁,平均(69.8±6.0)岁,术前视力:光感~0.2,根据LOSCⅡ核分级法,均为晶状体Ⅲ和Ⅳ级核患者。按住院号单双随机分成2组,观察组(连续环形撕囊组)174例(174眼),其中Ⅲ级核61例(61眼),Ⅳ级核113例(113眼),术前视力:光感47眼,手动53眼,0.02~0.04者63眼,0.05~0.25者11眼;对照组(开罐式截囊组)174例(174眼),其中Ⅲ极核62例(62眼),Ⅳ极核112例(112眼),术前视力:光感46眼,手动58眼,0.02~0.04者60眼,0.05~0.25者10眼;2组核硬度、术前视力无差异性(P>0.05)。
1.2 手术方法
2组均进行小切口白内障摘出手术,仅截囊方法不同:(1)观察组:术前1 d用左氧氟沙星滴眼液(江苏亚邦爱普森药业有限公司,国药准字H20030390)及双氯芬酸钠滴眼液(山东鲁抗晨欣药业有限公司,国药准字H10950098)滴眼6次。所有手术均由同一医生在相同条件下进行。观察组术前0.5 h用复方托吡卡胺滴眼液(北京双鹤现代技术有限责任公司,国药准字H11021793)滴眼3次,充分散大瞳孔。常规消毒铺巾,球后阻滞麻醉,做以上方穹窿为基底的结膜瓣。在上方角膜缘后2 mm作1/2~2/3厚度的巩膜隧道切口,长约6 mm作为主切口,于2点处角膜缘内侧穿刺进入前房作为辅助切口。在主切口底部以2.2 mm穿刺刀穿刺进入前房,先注入0.1 mL羟丙基甲基纤维素(天津晶明新技术开发有限公司,YZB/国49922),在其下方再注入透明质酸钠(上海其胜生物制剂有限公司,TZB/国00772005),充分展平前囊;截囊方法:用撕囊镊行晶状体前囊的连续环形撕囊,直径约5~6 mm;采用双手操作法将晶状体核旋出囊袋,即左手持调位钩经辅助切口进入前房,在3点处轻压晶状体核近赤道部,使核的另一端翘起,右手持截囊针钩住晶状体核赤道部,顺时针旋转,将核旋出囊袋。于核的前方和后方均注入黏弹剂,用注水圈匙将核托出;同轴双套管注吸针头吸净残余皮质,植入囊袋内或睫状沟人工晶状体。置换出黏弹剂,匹罗卡品缩瞳,切口不缝合,自闭不佳者缝合1~2针;(2)对照组:除截囊方法与观察组不同外,对照组术前、术中用药,及其他手术操作过程均与观察组相同;截囊方法:采用传统即截囊针行开罐术截囊。中后囊破裂者,视破孔大小分别将人工晶状体植入囊袋内或植入前囊前睫状沟,或用缝线固定于睫状沟。术毕结膜下注射庆大霉素及地塞米松。
1.3 疗效判定
视力≥0.05者为脱盲,≥0.3者为脱残[1]。
1.4 统计学处理
采用SPSS 10.0软件进行统计学分析。对所得的结果采用χ2检验。
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