作者:杨引迪,黄立 宋 蔚
作者单位:1(715500)中国陕西省浦城县,明仁眼科医院;2(710004)中国陕西省西安市,西安交通大学医学院第二附属医院眼科
【摘要】 目的:观察双撕囊联合前部玻璃体切除治疗先天性白内障的疗效。方法:对 31 例52眼2月龄~12岁先天性白内障患儿实行白内障囊外摘除、后囊连续环形撕囊、前部玻璃体切除术,联合Ⅰ期或Ⅱ期IOL植入,平均随访 16mo。结果:31例患儿之中有 27例 44眼术后能检查视力,最佳矫正视力>0.5者23眼,>0.3者12眼,<0.3者9眼,另外,<2岁的患儿4例 8眼无法进行视力表检查,但相对术前跟随光亮或有注视目标的能力有所提高。术后并发症:后发性白内障 3眼、葡萄膜炎 7眼、角膜水肿 5眼,人工晶状体偏位、黄斑囊样水肿、视网膜脱离等严重并发症尚未出现。结论:双撕囊联合前部玻璃体切除术联合IOL植入能预防后发性白内障等并发症的发生,是比较安全有效的治疗儿童先天性白内障的手术方式。
【关键词】 先天性白内障;双撕囊;前部玻璃体切除;后发性白内障
Effect of double capsulorhexis combined with anterior vitrectomy in congenital cataract
YinDi Yang1, Li Huang2, Wei Song2
1Mingren Ophthalmic Hospital, Pucheng County 715500, Shaanxi Province, China;2Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
Abstract
AIM: To study the effect of double capsulorhexis combined with anterior vitrectomy(AV) in congenital cataract.
METHODS: Thirtyone cases (52 eyes) (age ranging from 2 months to 12 years) underwent posterior continuous circular capsulorhexis(PCCC) and anterior vitrectomy after cataract extraction, and intraocular lens(IOL) were implanted in some eyes. The median followup time was 16 months.
RESULTS: Among the 44 eyes of 27 patients who could do the visual examination, 23 eyes had a corrected visual acutiy of 0.5 or better;12 eyes had a corrected visual acutiy of 0.3 or better; 9 eyes had a corrected visual acuity of 0.3 or below. 8 eyes in much younger children who could not receive visual examination had better capability of light following and visual fixation after operation. The postoperative complications included posterior capsular opacity(PCO) in 3 eyes, uveitis in 7 eyes, corneal edema in 5 eyes. Some severe complications such as offcentre IOL,cystoid macular edema and retinal detachment did not occur.
CONCLUSION: The double capsulorhexis combined with anterior vitrectomy and IOL implanted into eye seems to be an safe and effective method to prohibit aftercataract in the congenital cataract extractions.
KEYWORDS: congenital cataract; double capsulorhexis; anterior vitrectomy; posterior capsular opacity
0引言
先天性白内障是儿童主要致盲眼病之一,由于混浊的晶状体遮挡干扰了正常视网膜刺激, 影响视觉系统的正常发育而致盲,新生儿盲者中有 30%由先天性白内障所致[1]。手术摘除混浊的晶状体是治疗先天性白内障重要而有效的方法,术后并发症是影响手术效果的重要因素,先天性白内障手术后最常见的并发症是后发性白内障(posterior capsular opacity,PCO),后囊保持完整时其发生率为 43.7%~100%[2]。Fenton等[3]报道单纯行后囊连续环形撕囊(posterior continuous circular capsulorexis, PCCC)不足以防止PCO的发生,其发生率为 15.6%。双撕囊联合前部玻璃体切除术(anterior vitrectomy,AV)被认为是当前较为合理和先进的治疗先天性白内障的手术方法,现将采用该术式治疗的 31 例52眼儿童先天性白内障临床效果分析报告如下。
1对象和方法
1.1对象 200301/200712收治的先天性白内障 31例52眼,其中男 18 例,女 13 例。单眼 10 例,双眼 21 例。年龄 2月龄~12岁,平均 6.2岁。核性白内障 13 例26眼,全白内障 10 例14眼,绕核性白内障有 5 例7眼,后极性白内障 3 例5眼。合并内斜视 1 例,合并眼球震颤的 4例,合并外斜视的 4例。术前散瞳后检查眼前段情况,眼部B超检查排除玻璃体及视网膜病变,做血常规、凝血功能、胸透及心电图等检查排除全身其它疾患。
1.2方法 术前充分散瞳,全身麻醉后开睑器开睑,上直肌缝线固定眼球,11∶00~1 ∶00方位作穹隆部为基底的结膜瓣,12∶00方位角巩膜缘后 1~2mm处行3mm的巩膜隧道切口,穿刺刀经隧道切口刺入前房,注入黏弹剂后行直径 5~6mm连续环形撕囊,水分离吸出混浊晶状体皮质,充分注吸残余皮质,前房及囊袋内再次注入黏弹剂,后囊中央连续环形撕囊,直径约3mm,经角巩缘切口行前段玻璃体切除术,将灌注放到最低位,切割速度为 650次/min,在玻璃体前皮质的部位水平切除玻璃体 3~4mm直径,2~3mm深度。清除前房内的玻璃体,清除残余黏弹剂, 100尼龙线间断缝合巩膜隧道切口 1~2 针,用典必殊眼膏涂眼。<2岁的患儿行白内障吸出,不植入人工晶状体,若在随访期限内满2岁者Ⅱ期植入肝素处理过的IOL[4]于囊袋内或睫状沟。单眼先天性白内障的患者在条件允许的情况下尽早Ⅰ期植入IOL[5]。≥2 岁的患儿Ⅰ期植入肝素处理过的IOL于囊袋内。IOL度数的计算根据眼轴和角膜曲率按第 2 代回归(SRK Ⅱ) 公式计算屈光度,<8岁者以欠矫10%~20%[6],>8岁者以术后0.00~1.00D为原则确定IOL的度数。术后常规球结膜下注射地塞米松 5mg,常规全身用抗炎药,复方托吡卡胺或阿托品眼液散瞳,典必殊眼液滴眼,4次/d。术后1mo后有弱视者进行弱视训练治疗。定期观察随访视力、并发症等,随访时间4~36(平均 16)mo。
2结果
2.1视力 最佳矫正视力>0.5者23眼,>0.3者12眼,<0.3者9眼,另外由于年龄过小有8眼无法进行视力表检查,但相对手术前跟随光亮或有注视目标的能力有所提高。
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