作者:王昌鹏,杨新光,王晓娟,李养军
Establishment of ocular hypertension model in rabbits
WANG ChangPeng1,YANG XinGuang1,WANG XiaoJuan2,LI YangJun1
1Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China, 2 Department of Pharmacy, College of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710033, China
【Abstract】 AIM: To establish a stable ocular hypertension (OHT) model. METHODS: Left eyes of 10 rabbits were used as control eyes, their right eyes as model eyes. The OHT was induced by injecting 3 g/L carbomer into anterior chamber of the model eyes and paracentesis was performed in the control eyes but without the injection of carbomer. The intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured every day and the amplitudes of bwave and Opswave were measured before injection and one, two and four weeks after. Four weeks after the injection, retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) were counted. RESULTS: ①The IOP of model eyes was (4.47±1.41) kPa, significant higher than that (2.08±0.25) kPa of control eyes (t=4.798, P=0.001). ②The amplitudes of bwave in the control eyes and in model eyes were (211.49±57.22, 207.86±51.89, 201.77±56.47)μV, and (149.08±20.55, 121.12±27.99, 81.82±77.66)μV, respectively. The amplitudes of Opswave in control eyes and in model eyes were (77.45±24.08, 73.61±8.87, 79.66±21.94)μV. and (50.09±9.77, 39.99±8.98, 33.12±7.67)μV, respectively. The amplitudes of bwave and Opswave in control were significantly different from those in model eyes (P=0.000). The amplitudes of bwave and Opswave in model eyes were also significantly different at different time points (P=0.000). The amplitudes of bwave and Opswave in model eyes tended to decline during OHT (t=0.001, P=0.000). ③ RGCs of control eyes was (302.30±23.99)/10 mm, more than those of model eyes (89.20±10.86)/10 mm (t=23.685, P=0.000). CONCLUSION: The detection of IOP, function and configuration of retina proves that the OHT induced by injection of 3 g/L carbomer into anterior chamber of rabbit is a stable OHT model.
【Keywords】 ocular hypertension; electroretinogram; retinal ganglion cells; carbomer
【摘要】 目的: 建立一种持续时间较久的慢性高眼压动物模型. 方法: 新西兰白兔10只左眼为对照眼,右眼为模型眼. 模型眼前房注入3 g/L复方卡波姆溶液制作成慢性高眼压模型,对照眼只作前房穿刺. 每日测量眼压;在高眼压模型前和高眼压持续1, 2及4 wk共4个时间点,检测ERG的b波、Ops波的振幅;高眼压持续4 wk后检测视网膜节细胞(retinal ganglion cells, RGCs)数目的变化. 结果: ① 模型眼的眼压(4.47±1.41)kPa,明显高于对照眼(2.08±0.25) kPa(t=4.798, P=0.001). ②高眼压持续1, 2及4 wk后,对照眼b波的振幅为(211.49±57.22, 207.86±51.89, 201.77±56.47)μV,Ops波的振幅为(77.45±24.08, 73.61±8.87, 79.66±21.94)μV;模型眼b波的振幅为(149.08±20.55, 121.12±27.99, 81.82±77.66)μV,Ops波的振幅为(50.09±9.77, 39.99±8.98, 33.12±7.67)μV;二者间b波、Ops波的振幅有非常显著性差异(P值均为0.000),模型眼b波和Ops波的振幅在高眼压前和高眼压持续1,2及4 wk时有非常显著性差异(P值均为0.000),并且随高眼压持续时间的延长有进行性降低的趋势(P值分别为0.001, 0.000). ③慢性高眼压持续4 wk后检测RGCs数目对照眼为(302.30±23.99)/10 mm和模型眼为(89.20±10.86)/10 mm,有非常显著性差异(t=23.685, P=0.000). 结论: 从眼压、视网膜功能和形态来衡量,兔眼前房注射3 g/L复方卡波姆溶液是一种理想的慢性高眼压模型.
【关键词】 眼高压;视网膜电图;视网膜节细胞;卡波姆
0引言
近年来的研究显示,视网膜在高眼压作用下,不仅视网膜神经节细胞(retinal ganglion cells, RGCs)及其轴突受损,同时也跨神经元地影响了视网膜内核层及外核层[1],使双极细胞和视杆、视锥细胞也受到损伤[2]. 我们通过给兔眼前房注入3 g/L复方卡波姆溶液升高眼压,测量对照眼和模型眼的眼压,视网膜电图(electroretinogram, ERG)b波及Ops波振幅,以及计数RGCs数目. 希望建立一种价格低廉,操作简单,持续较久的慢性高眼压动物模型,并借助眼压,ERG振幅和RGCs数目变化,从功能和结构方面来衡量这种慢性高眼压动物模型的效果.
1材料和方法
1.1材料
卡波姆940购自上海申兴制药厂,配制成3 g/L复方卡波姆溶液(含地塞米松为0.25 g/L). GT2000NV视觉电生理检测仪由第四军医大学航空航天医学系视电生理检查室提供.
1.2实验动物及分组
新西兰白兔10只,体质量2~3 kg ,兔龄12~16 mo. 由第四军医大学实验动物中心提供. 造模前用裂隙灯显微镜,眼底镜检查眼前节及眼底无异常,5 g/L的卡因眼液表面麻醉后schiotz眼压计连续测量眼压3 d,1次/d,眼压低于2.27 kPa(1 kPa=7.5 mmHg)的动物方可采用. 每只动物的左眼为对照眼,右眼为模型眼.
1.3慢性高眼压模型的标准及制作方法
慢性高眼压模型以眼压升高大于2.93 kPa,并能持续1 wk为标准[3],动物以速眠新0.1 mL/kg耳缘静脉注射行全身麻醉,5 g/L的卡因点双眼行表面麻醉,模型眼角膜缘用1 mL注射器穿刺,形成一个小针孔,然后在此小针孔对侧的角膜缘穿刺抽出房水约0.2 mL,换针管注入约0.1~0.2 mL的3 g/L复方卡波姆溶液,制作成慢性高眼压模型,测量眼压1次/d,维持眼压在2.93 kPa以上. 对照眼仅作前房穿刺.
1.4ERG的检查方法及刺激条件ERG的检查方法
按照国际临床视觉电生理学会1989年制定的国际标准[4],充分散瞳暗适应30 min,将钢针电极插入两眼连线中点和同侧耳廓皮下,分别作为参考电极和接地电极,角膜接触电极放置于角膜表面,白炽闪光,闪光强度2.0 cd・s・m-2,通频带1~300 Hz.
1.5制作HE切片及计数
RGCs数目慢性高眼压持续4 wk后,兔耳缘静脉注射空气10 mL,处死动物,摘取眼球,角膜缘12点钟方位缝线定位,剪除角膜、虹膜、去除晶体及玻璃体,剩余眼球壁放入Bouin氏液中固定24 h,常规石蜡包埋,切片均通过视乳头和6点、12点钟方位,HE染色,用HPIAS1000图像测量系统进行RGCs计数,测量视乳头两侧各5 mm共10 mm范围内的RGCs数目.
1.6分析参数
每日测量每眼的眼压,如果模型眼的眼压低于2.93 kPa,则重复注入3 g/L复方卡波姆溶液;慢性高眼压模型前和高眼压模型后1, 2及4 wk共四个时间点记录每只眼的ERG,以 b波及Ops波的振幅作为观测指标,每眼做3遍,取平均值;每只眼以三张HE切片作RGCs计数,取平均值.
统计学处理: 实验数据用SPSS 10.0软件进行处理,对照眼和模型眼的眼压、RGCs数目分别进行配对t检验. 对照眼与模型眼间ERG振幅进行重复测量数据的方差分析.
2结果
2.1眼压及外眼的变化注入一次3 g/L复方卡波姆溶液后,眼压维持2.93 kPa以上,能够持续约2~3 wk. 模型眼在注入3 g/L复方卡波姆溶液后逐渐出现球结膜睫状充血,轻度水肿,角膜雾状混浊,3 h后眼压升高均超过2.93 kPa,前房略加深,房水清晰,瞳孔散大并呈竖椭圆形. 实验期间模型眼的眼压为(4.47±1.41) kPa,峰值为6 kPa;对照眼的眼压为(2.08±0.25) kPa,外眼无明显变化;二者间有非常显著性差异(t=4.798, P=0.001).
2.2ERG的b波和OPs波在不同时间点振幅的变化对照眼和模型眼间各波的振幅有非常显著性差异(P值均为0.000),模型眼各波的振幅在高眼压前和高眼压持续1, 2及4 wk时有非常显著性差异(P值分别为0.000, 0.000),并且随高眼压持续时间的延长有进行性降低的趋势(P值分别0.001, 0.000, Fig 1, Tab 1).表1慢性高眼压不同时间点兔眼ERG的b波、Ops波的振幅(略)
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