2.3血HA及尿GAG的变化
TAO患者不仅眼眶组织有GAG沉积,而且血HA及尿GAG水平也增高,并随治疗反应发生变化。黄勤等[20]用改良的Whiteman法测定了TAO患者,无眼病的Graves病患者,眼肿瘤引起突眼的患者尿中GAG排泄量,结果发现与正常对照比较, TAO患者尤其是活动性突眼患者尿GAG排泄量明显增加, 而无眼病的Graves病患者和眼肿瘤患者的尿GAG排泄量差异无显著性。闽寒毅等[21]用紫外线可见分光光度法检测了正常人和TAO活动期患者24h尿的GAG含量,结果发现正常人24h尿GAG的总量值为(19.7±9.7)mg/24h,活动期TAO患者为(35.5±11.4)mg/24h,与正常人组比较有显著的差异;同时检测5例TAO患者经糖皮质激素治疗后尿GAG含量,均降至正常范围。Martins等[22]用微量电泳法和荧光免疫法分别测定尿GAG和血浆HA,结果发现非活动期的TAO患者尿GAG和血HA与对照组值无明显差别,而活动期TAO患者尿GAG及血HA高出静止期患者的2~3倍。Kahaly等[23]用放射治疗TAO患者后发现尿中24h GAG水平明显下降。因此测定患者尿中GAG及血中HA含量,可作为TAO存在活动性的参数。另外, 它们还可作为临床及时停用治疗突眼的药物如激素等的一个参考指标。因为一旦恢复正常, 就意味着突眼由活动期进入静止期, 原有眼病的治疗已不能改善眼部症状。
目前TAO的发病机制尚不清楚,细胞因子、黏附分子以及GAG和HA在其发生发展过程中起了重要的作用,检测其在血、尿中浓度可以作为反应TAO活动性的指标及药物治疗的效果。另一方面,阻断这些反应,有可能阻断球后的免疫过程,为治疗TAO提供新的途径。
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