【摘要】 目的:分析和探讨鼻泪管逆行植入球头硅胶管术治疗鼻泪管阻塞的临床疗效。方法:对101例122眼鼻泪管阻塞的患者行鼻泪管逆行植入球头硅胶管术,随访6~24mo,观察其疗效。结果:治愈105眼(86.1%),好转12眼(9.8%),无效5眼(4.1%),总有效率95.9%。结论:逆行置入球头硅胶管治疗鼻泪管阻塞方法简便、安全省时、无切口、出血少、不改变原有的解剖结构、成功率高。鼻泪管逆行植入球头硅胶管术是一种有效的鼻泪管阻塞治疗方法。
【关键词】 球头硅胶管;鼻泪管阻塞;逆行植入
Clinical analysis on treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction by recessive placement of spherical headed silicone tube
ChengPu Zhang, XiaoHui Guo
Department of Zhuomei Ophthalmology, Zhengzhou Peoples Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province,China
Abstract AIM: To analyze and investigate the clinical effects of recessive placement of spherical headed silicone tube through lacrimal passage in treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction. METHODS: Totally 101 cases 122 eyes with nasolacrimal duct obstruction were treated by recessive placement of spherical headed silicone tube through lacrimal passage and followed up for 624 months. The effects were observed.RESULTS: After surgery, 105 eyes(86.1%) were cured,12 eyes(9.8%)showed progress and 5 eyes(4.1%) were ineffective. The total effective rate was 95.9%.CONCLUSION: This operation is simple, safe, timesaving, without incision,less bleeding and has high successful rate, it does not change the original anatomical structure.
KEYWORDS: spherical headed silicone tube;nasolacrimal duct obstruction;recessive placement
0引言
鼻泪管阻塞导致患者长期溢泪,甚至溢脓形成慢性泪囊炎,给患者带来了巨大的身心痛苦。如何更科学的治疗是我们努力的方向。200711/200909我们采用鼻泪管逆行植入球头硅胶管术治疗鼻泪管阻塞101例122眼,治疗效果良好。现报告如下。
1对象和方法
1.1对象 收集200711/200909鼻泪管阻塞病例101例122眼,男25例28眼,女76例94眼。年龄<20岁5例5眼,21~30岁4例4眼,31~40岁7例9眼,41~50岁18例23眼,51~60岁26例33眼,61~70岁20例26眼,>71岁21例22眼。其中1次泪道探通者57眼,>2次泪道探通者36眼。1次泪道激光者42眼,>2次泪道激光者29眼。另外5例5眼曾分别施行了泪囊鼻腔吻合术。
1.2方法 医用4号尼龙线编织的扩张绳;7号8cm的中空泪道探针,并吸入3号丝线做引线探针;自制取线钩;球头硅胶管(长4cm,外径2.5mm,内径1.5mm,上端9cm长环状牵引线,下端1.5cm长的取管线环);额镜;鼻镜;枪状镊。术前准备:术前2d应用氧氟沙星滴眼液5次/d;呋麻滴鼻剂滴术侧鼻腔5次/d。术前5min冲洗泪道,冲净泪道内分泌物;擤鼻涕,擤净鼻腔内分泌物。30g/L麻黄素液和10g/L丁卡因棉片填塞下鼻道。20g/L利多卡因针2mL眶下神经阻滞麻醉,1.5mL于滑车神经麻醉。手术过程:扩张上泪小管后,用吸水引线探针从上泪小点插入,探通泪道,抵达骨壁后向下沿鼻泪管方向顺势插至下鼻道,加压注水,边注水边退针,将引线冲入鼻腔,取线钩自下鼻道勾取引线。借助引线用扩张绳对鼻泪管进行“拉锯式”上下来回轻拉数次,借助引线将球头硅胶管拉入鼻泪管,进入泪囊,并卡在鼻泪管上口。自下泪小点进针,冲洗泪道。如冲洗通畅,表明硅胶管球头端位置良好,否则,要做上下调整,直至冲洗通畅,术眼包扎。术后处理:术后酌情全身应用抗生素和皮质类固醇3d。避免用力打喷嚏,擤鼻涕。术侧鼻腔滴呋麻滴鼻剂5次/d。术后第1d氧氟沙星滴眼液5次/d,应用2wk。术后每天用庆大霉素、地塞米松、糜蛋白酶加入适量生理盐水冲洗泪道,共5d;以后每2wk冲洗1次;4次后1次/mo冲洗;0.5a后每2mo冲洗1次。无特殊不良情况,无须拔管。
2结果
术中57眼用扩张绳扩张鼻泪管时有轻微疼痛感,多诉钝痛,但均能耐受。术中鼻腔均有少量出血,未见活动性出血。术中所有患者均能顺利植入球头硅胶管。术后患者诉疼痛均不明显。术后第1d仅鼻腔有少量血痂,未见新鲜出血,无感染、无其他严重的并发症发生。术后随访6~24mo,其中105眼(86.1%)治愈:溢泪症状完全消失或明显减轻;12眼(9.8%)好转:溢泪减轻,冲洗泪道通畅;5眼(4.1%)无效:溢泪症状无明显减轻,冲洗泪道不通畅,总有效率95.9%。无效的5眼中1眼泪小点闭塞,经泪小点咬切术后溢泪减轻,冲洗泪道通畅;1眼硅胶管早期脱落,再次植入球头硅胶管冲洗泪道通畅,溢泪症状消失;3眼再次阻塞后拔管。拔管的3眼中2眼重新植入球头硅胶管,术后冲洗泪道通畅,溢泪症状消失;1眼放弃再次植管。
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