3 讨论
随着准分子激光在眼科中的应用,PRK(photorefractive keratectomy)成为90年代初开始的一种治疗近视眼的新方法[2~4]。准分子激光切削精确,可以很好地控制切削深度来改变角膜的屈光度。PRK方法相对简单:首先用机械方法刮除角膜中心区的角膜上皮,然后按预定程序进行角膜前弹力层及角膜基质的切削。角膜上皮内含有丰富的无髓鞘神经末梢,密度是皮肤的300~600倍,感觉非常敏锐[5]。PRK术后由于角膜上皮及基质的缺失,病人疼痛感非常强烈,只有随着上皮的逐渐愈合才会减轻。一般情况下单纯上皮缺失,多在48小时内完全愈合。但PRK因同时破坏前弹力层,上皮愈合有所延缓。PRK术后的疼痛单纯口服镇静药及消炎止痛药疗效甚微,而且其副作用可能影响正常活动。而局部用药作用直接迅速,全身副作用小。安贺拉含0.35%的酮咯酸氨丁三醇,是一种新开发的非甾体类抗炎药(NSAIDS)。其作用机制抑制还氧化酶而阻断花生四烯酸代谢途径从而抑制前列腺素的合成。在兔的实验中,局部用药0.5~1小时,组织药物浓度达
最大[6]。有报道认为安贺拉可以明显降低角膜敏感性[7],具有明确的抗炎和止痛作用[8~10],可以有效减轻PRK术后的疼痛[11],可以缓解过敏性结膜炎所致的眼部搔痒、不适等[1]。佳贝眼液含0.1%双氯芬酸钠,同样是一种非甾体类抗炎药。其作用机制与安贺拉相同,也是通过选择性切断花生四烯酸代谢中还氧化酶的作用环节,阻断前列腺素E2(PGE2)的合成途径[12]。文献报道双氯芬酸钠可以有效地减轻PRK术后疼痛[13,14]。实验[15]及临床[14]发现对角膜上皮愈合无影响。在止痛方面安贺拉要优于佳贝,而且安贺拉的刺激性要小于佳贝。安贺拉和佳贝眼液在对角膜上皮的愈合方面几无明显影响。对PRK术后haze的影响有待于进一步研究。
我们认为在PRK术后局部应用安贺拉眼液是一种值得推荐的方法。它可以直接、有效地减轻炎症,减少疼痛,并可避免口服药的副作用。
4 参考文献
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