【摘要】 目的:评价两种不同手术方式治疗高度近视白内障疗效。方法:患者48例(65眼),其中30眼行囊外摘除,35眼行超声乳化摘除,术后均植入相应度数的人工晶状体。结果:术后视力较术前有明显提高,囊外摘除术后矫正视力与超声乳化术后矫正视力差异有显著性(︱t︱=2.867,P=0.006)。囊外摘除术后后囊膜轻度混浊4眼,局限性视网膜脱离2眼;超声乳化术后黄斑囊样水肿1眼,未见视网膜脱离。结论:晶状体摘除联合人工晶状体植入术作为治疗高度近视白内障的方法是有效的,超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术与白内障囊外摘除联合人工晶状体植入术相比,安全性更高。
【关键词】 白内障囊外摘除术;超声乳化技术;人工晶状体
To contrast the treatment of two different surgical for cataract with high myopia
ZhenGuo Yan ,DongXia Yang,XiaoChun Zhang
Department of Ophthalmology, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command of Chinese PLA, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China;the Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province, China
Abstract AIM: To evaluate the effects of two different surgical treatments for cataract with high myopia. METHODS: In 48 cases(65 eyes), 30 eyes extracapsular cataract extraction(ECCE); 35 eyes phacoemulsification, the eyes were implanted of intraocular lens according to the corresponding degrees. RESULTS: The visual acuities were improved in all cases postoperatively. There have signification difference between ECCE and phacoemulsification corrected visual acuity postoperatively (︱t︱=2.867,P=0.006). Posterior capsular turbidity was found in 4 eyes. Limited retinal detachment was found in 2 eyes after ECCE. Cystoid macular edema was found in 1 eye and retinal detachment was not found after phacoemulsification. CONCLUSION: Lens extraction and intraocular lenses implantation is an effective method for cataract with high myopia. Compared with ECCE and phacoemulsification ,the latter has more security. KEYWORDS: extracapsular cataract extraction; phacoemulsification;intraocular lens
0引言 收集我院200503/200803间48例(65眼)轴性高度近视白内障患者,采用囊外摘除和超声乳化两种方法去除晶状体并联合人工晶状体植入来进行治疗,现将结果报告如下。
1对象和方法
1.1对象 本组患者男23例(31眼),女25例(34眼),年龄51~84(平均61)岁。术前裸眼视力:指数及以下者30眼,0.02~0.1者29眼,0.1~0.2者4眼,>0.2者2眼;术前矫正视力:指数及以下者25眼,0.02~0.1者16眼,0.1~0.2者9眼,>0.2者15眼。按核的硬度可分为:II级核13眼,III级核33眼,IV级核19眼。眼轴长度为25.74~34.10(平均28.8±2.2)mm,<26mm者1眼,26~26.99mm者14眼,27~27.99mm者16眼,28~28.99mm者8眼,29~29.99mm者9眼,≥30mm者17眼。角膜曲率为41.12~43.25(平均42.3±1.6)。应用第二代经验公式SRKII计算人工晶状体的屈光度数为9.0~+14.5(平均+7.6)D。囊外摘除联合后房型人工晶状体植入术30眼,超声乳化联合后房型人工晶状体植入术35眼,65眼均植入人工晶状体,术后随访时间6~18(平均12mo)。美国Alcon公司生产的Alcon UniversalII超声乳化仪;美国Reichert公司生产的角膜曲率仪;美国Alcon公司生产的Utrascan眼科A/B型超声波检测仪;美国AMO Groningen公司生产的Tecnis Z9001型非球面折叠型人工晶状体;美国Alcon公司生产的SN60AT型人工晶状体;美国眼力健有限公司生产的EP551A型PMMA人工晶状体。
1.2方法 术前常规检查血常规,血糖,心电图,双眼A、B超,角膜曲率,三面镜,间接眼底镜等。行囊外摘除术者术前复方托品卡胺点眼3~5 次充分散瞳,采用20g/L利多卡因做球周麻醉,结膜囊内点4g/L倍诺喜表面麻醉三次,置开睑器,10∶00~1∶00方位做球结膜切口,角膜缘后2mm做角巩缘阶梯状板层切口,做前房穿刺口约2.5mm,注入粘弹剂后,用撕囊镊连续环形撕囊,直径约6mm,水分离核后,娩核,用注吸针头抽吸皮质干净后,再注入粘弹剂维持前房,扩大切口,植入人工晶状体于囊袋内,切口缝合1~3针。行超声乳化吸除术者术前复方托品卡胺点眼3~5 次充分散瞳,采用20g/L利多卡因1.5mL球周浸润麻醉,结膜囊内点4g/L倍诺喜表面麻醉3次,开睑器开睑;沿角巩缘剪开10∶30~1∶00方位球结膜,于角巩缘后约2mm,板层切11∶00~12∶30方位巩膜,隧道式剥离至角巩缘约2mm,3∶00方位角巩缘内侧切口,前房穿刺3.2mm,注入玻璃酸钠粘弹剂充填前房,连续环形撕囊,直径为5.5~6mm,水分离;超声乳化摘除晶状体核,抛光晶状体后囊膜,囊袋内植入折叠型人工晶状体或扩大巩膜切口达 5.5mm,植入一片型硬性人工晶状体,注吸前房内粘弹剂及残留皮质,复方电解质眼内液置换出前房粘弹剂,调整前房,巩膜切口自行闭合。 统计学分析:本研究数据均采用SPSS 11.5统计学软件进行统计学分析。
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