作者:马挺,程 燕,银 勇,吴 洁,张长宁,朱炳良,朱秀萍 作者单位:(710002)中国陕西省西安市第一医院 西安市眼科医院
【摘要】 目的:探讨儿童穿透角膜移植的治疗及如何提高治愈率的问题。 方法:对50例因各种原因所致角膜混浊儿童的54眼进行穿透角膜移植,术后随访6~18mo。结果:移植片透明率为80%(43/54)。术后38例患者裸眼视力有不同程度的提高。 结论:在提高视力,预防弱视和完善视觉发育方面,儿童穿透角膜移植有重要意义。尽管儿童术后效果较成人差,但有重要的临床及社会意义。
【关键词】 儿童;穿透性角膜移植
Clinical observation of pediatric penetrating keratoplasty in 50 cases
Ting Ma, Yan Cheng, Yong Yin, Jie Wu, Chang-Ning Zhang, Bing-Liang Zhu, Xiu-Ping Zhu
Department of Ophthalmology, the First Hospital of Xi'an, Shaanxi Ophthalmalthic Institute, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
Abstract AIM: To evaluate the issues involved in treatment of pediatric penetrating keratoplasty and methods to improve operative success rate. METHODS: Penetrating keratoplasty was performed in 54 eyes of 50 children whose corneal opacity resulted from various causes. The patients were followed up for 6-18 months.RESULTS: The rate of the remained transparent graft was 80% (43/54). After operation, the uncorrected visual acuity in 38 cases was improved to different degrees.CONCLUSION: The pediatric penetrating keratoplasty has significantly importance in improving visual acuity, preventing amblyopic and completing the visual function development. Although the surgical results in children are poorer than those in adults, the pediatric penetrating keratoplasty has both clinical and social significances.
· KEYWORDS: children; penetrating keratoplasty
0引言
我院自2000/2006共行儿童穿透角膜移植(penetrating keratoplasty, PKP)共50例(54眼),现将其结果报告如下。
1对象和方法
1.1对象 本组50例患者(54眼)其中先天性角膜白斑10例(12眼),先天性角膜纤维化2例(2眼),圆锥角膜8例(10眼),单疱性角膜14例(14眼),感染性角膜和/或穿孔者16例(16眼)。其中男性儿童34例,女性16例,年龄40天~14岁(平均6岁)。其角膜供体为18~35岁死亡的健康人新鲜角膜,死后1h内摘除眼球,温度4℃保存,10h内移植至受体。
1.2方法 手术在全麻联合体周麻醉下进行,均应用Fleiringa环和牵引缝线根据受眼角膜病变的范围,植床取6~7mm直径,小儿穿透角膜移植的植片比植床大0.5mm,用相应直径环钻从供体角膜上皮面垂直钻取植片,并将其内皮面向上放于无菌平皿中,粘弹剂保护内皮面,备用。将病变植床取下后,将植片上皮面向上置于植床上,10-0尼龙线间断缝合16针,把线结埋入植片组织中。术后前形成水密状态。结膜下常规注射庆大霉素和地塞米松注射液。术后第2d第一次换药,取下眼垫后,用手电筒观察植片透明情况及前后情况。年龄较大患儿尽量说服配合裂隙灯检查。术后局部球囊注射庆大霉素、地塞米松3d,并给予加压包扎3~5d后开放眼。术后静脉点滴抗生素和地塞米松5~7d激素减量,2~3wk停药。妥布霉素及地塞米松眼药水点眼。术后2wk加用10g/L环孢霉素A眼药水点术眼。术后3~6mo门诊复查拆线,出院后定期复查。术后随访0.5~1.5a。
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