【摘要】目的:阐述眶尖综合征的发病机制和临床特点,并探讨其病因鉴别流程。方法:1996-07/2006-07所收治确诊的眶尖综合征患者83例89眼对病因进行回顾总结,并结合文献进行分析。 结果:占位性疾病29例(35%),外伤性疾病21例(25%),非特异性炎症疾病16例(19%),感染性疾病10例(12%),医源性疾病4例(5%),血管性疾病3例(4%)。结论:眶尖综合征可由不同病因所致,讨论它们之间的鉴别诊断有利于提高对该病的诊断率。
【关键词】 眶尖综合征 病因学 鉴别诊断
Clinical etiology analysis of 83 cases of orbital apex syndrome
Jun-Jie Bian, Da-Chuan Liu
Department of Ophthalmology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
Abstract AIM: To investigate the etiology and differential diagnosis of orbital apex syndrome through studying the causes and clinical features.METHODS: Clinical features and the causes of 83 cases of orbital apex syndrome hospitalized from July 1996 to July 2006 and literatures were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Among 83 patients(89 eyes) of orbital apex syndrome, the most common cause was neoplasm(29,35%), the second was trauma (21,25%),the third was inflammatory(16,19%) and the others were infectious (10,12%), iatrogenic (4,5%), vascular conditions (3,4%). CONCLUSION: Orbital apex syndrome can be caused by different diseases. Discussing the differential diagnosis can help to improve the diagnosis rate.
· KEYWORDS: orbital apex syndrome; etiology; differential diagnosis
0引言
眶尖综合征是由多种病因引起的一组复杂疾病,临床上定义为由于某种病变侵犯眶尖,从而引起一系列眶尖组织功能损伤的临床表现的总称,包括动眼神经(Ⅲ)、滑车神经(Ⅳ)、外展神经(Ⅵ)、三叉神经第一支(Ⅴ1)的损伤同时伴视功能的障碍[1]。我们对1996-07/2006-07诊治的眶尖综合征83例进行回顾性分析,着重病因分析并对常见病因进行初步讨论。旨在从临床角度提高对本病的认识,以利于预防并减少本病的发生。
1对象和方法
1.1对象 眶尖综合征83例89眼,男52例,女31例,双眼6例,年龄13~64(平均36)岁,病程3d~3a,平均5mo。视力:无光感~手动者53例55眼,指数~0.1者21例25眼,0.1~0.2者9例9眼。对0.1以上视力者做视野检查,发现向心性视野缩小6例,偏盲3例。其中完全型(病变波及第Ⅱ至Ⅵ颅神经和交感神经)37例37眼,非完全型(病变波及第Ⅱ及部分颅神经)46例52眼。
1.2方法 依据《实用眼科学》诊断依据[2],并对视力、眼球运动、眼底、视野、头颅等进行全面的检查。参照Gearacts等[3]的分类原则,按不同病因发生频度依次分类,其中病因明确的是指原发疾病或致病因素和眶尖综合征的发生密切相关或先后发生;可能病因是推测眶尖综合征和原发病有一定因果关系但不能肯定。
2结果
本组占位性疾病29例30眼(35%),外伤性疾病21例24眼(25%),感染性疾病10例12眼(12%),医源性疾病4例4眼(5%),血管性疾病3例3眼(4%);可能病因分类中非特异性炎症疾病16例16眼(19%)(表1)。
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