【摘要】 目的:探讨眼眶海绵状血管瘤的临床病理特点、鉴别诊断与手术方式选择。方法:对2000 01/2008 05在我科住院治疗的127例眼眶海绵状血管瘤患者临床和病理资料进行回顾性分析,并进行临床随访。结果:127例患者中男51例,女76例;右眼67例,左眼60例,年龄 6~62(平均32)岁,临床表现主要是渐进性无痛性眼球突出。59例采用前路开眶, 68例采用外侧开眶顺利摘除肿物。病理检查示肿瘤呈圆形或椭圆形,包膜完整、切面呈海绵状。随访未见1例复发。结论:眼眶海绵状血管瘤是包膜完整的良性肿瘤,根据术前影像学检查资料,能做出正确诊断,合理选择手术方式,可取得良好的治疗效果。
【关键词】 血管瘤;海绵状;诊断;CT扫描;眼眶
Clinical analysis of 127 cases with orbital cavernous hemangioma
ChangHong Zeng, QingLi Luo, WeiMin He
Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
AbstractAIM: To study the clinical features, differential diagnosis and surgical choice of orbital cavernous hemangioma.METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 127 patients with orbital cavernous hemangioma at the Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital from January 2000 to May 2008. RESULTS: Among 127 cases, 76 patients were females and 51 were males. The right orbit was involved in 67 cases and the left orbit in 60 cases. The mean age was 32 years (ranging from 6 to 62 years). The main clinical sign was a painless, gradually progressive proptosis. The tumors were removed successfully by the surgical procedure of standard lateral orbitotomy in 68 patients and anterior orbitotomy in 59 cases. Pathology examination showed that the tumors were round in shape, the tumor capsules were integrity, tissue sections were cavernous. And no recurrence by followup.CONCLUSION: Orbital cavernous hemangiomas are benign tumor with an intact capsule. Imageological data are sufficient for the correct diagnosis and satisfactory effect can be obtained by reasonable surgical choice according to preoperative imaging data. KEYWORDS: hemangioma; cavernous; diagnosis; CT scan; orbit
0引言
眼眶海绵状血管瘤(orbital cavernous hemangioma,OCH)是眶内常见的良性肿瘤,占眼眶肿瘤14.5%[1],可发生于眶内任何部位, 以肌肉圆锥内居多,手术切除比较容易,术后一般不复发,手术入路有多种,常用的是外侧开眶术和前路开眶术;究竟什么时候采用外侧开眶术或前路开眶术,目前还无统一的标准,为此我们回顾性分析了2000 01/2008 05在我科住院就诊的127例OCH患者的临床资料。
1对象和方法
1.1对象
2000 01/2008 05在我科住院就诊的OCH患者,所有病例都经术后组织病理学检查证实,所有病例都经同一医师手术治疗。分析病史、发病情况、眼科的专科检查、眼眶CT、B超、MRI等。
1.2方法
组织病理学检查:切除的肿瘤用10g/L的甲醛液固定,HE染色,石蜡包埋,作4μm切片,光镜下观察。
2结果
2.1一般情况
病理学检查证实为OCH的患者共127例,其中男51例,女76例;右眼67例,左眼60例,年龄 6~62(平均32)岁,病程1mo~18a,随访3mo~4a。所有的患者都无家族史。
2.2眼科检查
眼球突出104例(图1);复视18例,27例运动障碍,其中6例向上运动障碍,9例向下运动障碍,4例向内运动障碍,6例向外及向上运动障碍, 2例全方位运动障碍;矫正视力:无光感3例,光感~0.1患者6例,0.2~0.5患者22例,0.6~0.8患者39例,0.8以上57例;眼底视乳头颜色苍白9例,颜色变淡19例,视网膜皱襞17例。
2.3影像学检查
所有患者均做了眼眶CT,典型表现为圆形或椭圆形、边界清楚、内密度不均(图2)。眼眶可因肿物压迫而局限性增大,但无骨质破坏。多数病例显示为1个肿瘤,3例患者有2个肿瘤,13例有分叶状改变;位于球后肌锥内87例,位于眶缘及眶隔附近31例,其他位置9例;8例尚可见眶骨受压,33例可见视神经移位,23例为锥体形延及眶尖。41例做了眼部B超,典型B超表现为圆形或类圆形的规则肿块,内回声光点多且分布均匀,声强衰减中等,有压缩性。41例B超均显示球后占位,但有3例表现不典型。CT显示肿瘤延及眶尖或与视神经关系不清的29例患者,11例做了CT增强扫描,都呈中等度强化,7例有“渐进样强化征”。18例做了MRI,表现为:T1WI示肿瘤为中等强度信号或稍低信号(图3); T2WI示肿瘤为高信号(图4)。
2.4组织病理学
肿瘤多呈圆形或椭圆形,包膜完整,切片暗红色,海绵状窦腔充满血液,间隔由结缔组织和平滑肌细胞组成,内壁由内皮细胞内衬(图5)。
2.5治疗
127例均采用手术治疗,其中,眶隔及眶缘附近的31例OCH,均采用前路开眶术摘除肿瘤。球后肌锥内87例,有54例采用外侧开眶摘除肿瘤,其中有8例内直肌与视神经之间且靠后的肿瘤,采用外侧开眶结合内侧结膜切口摘除肿瘤;有33例采用结膜入路摘除肿瘤,其中有5例术中发现摘除困难,改行外侧开眶术。其他位置9例,有6例采用外侧开眶摘除肿瘤,3例眶内侧靠后肿瘤采用外侧开眶结合内侧结膜切口摘除肿瘤。
2.6预后
眼球突出的患者,术后眼球突出度均恢复正常,随访中有部分眼球出现轻度凹陷。眼球运动:术后21例外转受限,轻度复视,1~2mo后恢复。术后有16例上睑轻度下垂,随访1~2mo后恢复。视力:术前无光感的3例,2例术后无提高,1例术后:数指/30cm;光感~0.5的患者,术后均有不同程度的提高,0.6以上的患者,有12例视力较术前下降2行,随访3mo无恢复。术后瞳孔轻度散大9例,2例1mo后恢复,7例随访3mo无恢复。术后84例有皮肤瘢痕,随访6mo~2a基本消失。
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