【摘要】 目的:探讨人脉络膜黑色素瘤经瞳孔温热疗法(transpupillary thermotherapy, TTT)治疗后的组织病理学变化和细胞凋亡相关研究。方法:对经临床TTT治疗不能控制的巨大脉络膜黑色素瘤患者摘除眼球,石蜡包埋切片,行组织病理学检查,VIII因子免疫组织化学研究,并应用TUNEL方法对TTT治疗区域行细胞凋亡检测。结果:TTT治疗后,在激光斑照射的肿瘤部位,最外层为湿性坏死区,其细胞结构消失。中间为干性坏死区,细胞核固缩,在干性坏死区及其下方的肿瘤组织中,可见大量凋亡染色阳性细胞及巨噬细胞,在激光斑基底部可见肿瘤毛细血管呈扩张状态。结论:TTT治疗脉络膜黑色素瘤可以直接摧毁肿瘤组织导致坏死,同时也会引起肿瘤细胞凋亡。但如果瘤体组织太厚,不能完全破坏,则肿瘤下方组织激光后会引起局部毛细血管扩张,是否会加重转移,尚需进一步探讨。
【关键词】 经瞳孔温热疗法;细胞凋亡;脉络膜黑色素瘤
Experimental study of TTT treatment of choroidal melanoma
HongBin Wang,GuangLu Wang,MingYang Wang,XiaoYan Peng
1Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China;
2 Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100037, China
AbstractAIM: To discuss the related research of histopathologic changes and apoptosis after transpupillary thermotherapy treatment on human choroidal melanoma.METHODS: TTT for the clinical treatment beyond the control of choroidal melanoma patients with huge eyeballs removed, paraffinembedded sections, the histopathological examination, VIII factor, immunohistochemical study and detect apoptosis on TTT treatment region by TUNEL method. RESULTS: After TTT treatment, the laser spot irradiated tumor site's cell structure disappears, and the outermost layer is wet necrotic area. The middle layer is dry necrosis, nuclear pyknosis, in the dry necrosis areas and below the tumor tissue. Positive staining can be seen a large number of apoptotic cells and macrophages, tumor capillary was visible in expansion in the laser spot.CONCLUSION: TTT treatment of choroidal melanoma can directly lead to the destruction of tumor tissue necrosis, but also caused tumor cell apoptosis. However, if the tumor thick can not be completely destroyed, the tumor beneath will cause localized telangiectasia after the laser. Whether it will increase the transfer need to be further explored. KEYWORDS: transpupillary thermotherapy;apoptosis; melanoma
0引言
经瞳孔温热疗法(transpupillary thermotherapy, TTT)目前广泛应用于治疗眼部脉络膜黑色素瘤,视网膜血管瘤,转移癌等,但其治疗机制仍在进一步研究。我们通过对TTT治疗失败的人脉络膜黑色素瘤手术摘除眼进行分子生物学检测,研究激光治疗对人脉络膜黑色素瘤的组织病理学影响和细胞凋亡在其中的作用,以进一步了解TTT的治疗机制。
1材料和方法
1.1材料
选用3例TTT治疗失败的人脉络膜黑色素瘤患眼。所有患者均在同仁眼科中心门诊应用科林公司提供的810nm半导体红外激光(Iridex, oculight , SLx,用特殊的TTT转接器安装在裂隙灯上)行TTT治疗。激光的光斑直径3mm, 能量800mW,时间1min×2次。治疗后1wk因肿瘤不能控制,在患者知情同意的情况下,门诊摘除患眼,送同仁医院眼科病理取材并制作蜡块(图1B),进行组织病理学,免疫组织化学和细胞凋亡检测。
1.2方法
切片制作:选激光斑处行5μm厚度连续石蜡切片,置于APES胶片上。60℃烤片8h以上备用。用伊红和苏木素染色进行组织病理学检查。细胞凋亡TUNEL(terminal deoxynucleotidyl transfeasemediated dUTPbiotin nick endlabeling)试剂盒检测:石蜡切片脱蜡至水,蒸馏水洗;2.5g/L高锰酸钾及草酸脱色素。微波炉热修复2min;胰酶消化20s,PBS洗5min×3次; 冰上加TritonS 100,PBS洗;加tunnel试剂,37℃孵育1h,PBS洗;加入AP试剂,37℃孵育0.5h,PBS洗,BCIP/NBT显色。脱水,透明,封片。对照组选用未行激光的脉络膜黑色素瘤组织。免疫组化研究:选取有激光斑的瘤组织切片,应用VIII因子一抗(Santa Cruz公司)及通用型二抗,两步法孵育后,DAB染色。
2结果
正常未经治疗的脉络膜黑色素瘤组织未见细胞凋亡的发生,肿瘤细胞排列紧密。激光治疗后的脉络膜黑色素瘤组织阴性对照:加tunnel制剂时,只加DUTP,未加酶,未见凋亡阳性表达。TTT治疗后,在人眼激光斑照射的肿瘤部位,最外层可见大片湿性坏死区,其内组织细胞结构消失。中间为干性坏死区,可见肿瘤细胞核固缩(图1A),在干性坏死区及其下方的肿瘤组织中,可见大量凋亡染色阳性细胞及巨噬细胞侵入(图1C)。激光斑基底部干性坏死区肿瘤组织中可见局部毛细血管广泛扩张,VIII因子免疫组织化学染色阳性(图1D)。
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