【摘要】 目的:建立兔角膜移植高危及非高危模型,通过阻断CD28,探讨CTLA4Ig对高危角膜移植排斥反应的影响。方法:实验分为新生血管化模型组及非新生血管化组,每组随机分成:空白对照组(空白保存液)、实验组(浸入含有CTLA4Ig 10mg/L保存液4℃孵育18h),每组10只兔。观察术后受体植片角膜混浊情况和植片病理改变,原位杂交方法检测角膜植片TNF mRNA的表达情况,比较植片生存时间。结果:非新生血管化角膜移植组:对照组和实验各组的植片排斥时间或平均植片存活时间上无统计学意义,超过半数植片(16/30,53%)存活时间超过100d。新生血管化角膜移植组:实验组生存时间较长69±34d,对照组26±4d,原位杂交检测移植术后4wk或排斥反应发生时对照组角膜植片上皮下基质层浸润细胞有明显的TNF mRNA的表达,实验组未见TNF mRNA表达。结论:在兔角膜移植排斥反应中应用CTLA4Ig阻断CD28,可以明显抑制兔高危角膜移植排斥反应,提高移植的存活率。
【关键词】 角膜移植;CTLA4;CD28;兔
Inhibition effect of CTLA4Ig on the rejection in rabbit corneal transplantation
DaiYuan Shi, YouDong Wang, JinSong Zhang
1Department of Ophthalmology,the Central Hospital,Gaizhou 115200, Liaoning Province, China; 2Department of Ophthalmology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, China
AbstractAIM: To study the effect of CTLA4Ig on allograft rejection after highrisk corneal transplantation by blocking CD28 on the models of highrisk and nonhighrisk rabbit corneal.METHODS: Rabbits were divided into nonvascularized group and vascularized group, Then, each group was divided into control and experimental group seperately (n=10). Transplantant corneas were incubated in preserving solutions for control group,contained CTLA4Ig(10mg/L) for experimental group (4℃, 18 hours). All corneas were examined and the appearance of the graft was recorded with a slitlamp photomicroscope after operation. Corneal grafts were examined on the 4th week and rejection happened with histology method and in situ hybridization method. Tumor necrosis factorα (TNFα) on corneal graft was determined and survial days were compared between two parts. RESULTS: Nonvascularized group: control allografts and all experimental allografts exhibited similar frequencies of rejection. More than half of the grafts (16/30, 53%) survived during the 100day observation period; Vascularized group: the grafts of experimental group (69±34 days) had significantly longer mean survival times, compared with control group (26±4 days), the expression of TNFα was determined on corneal graft in control group in situ hybridization method, whereas no expression in experimental group. KEYWORDS:corneal transplantation;CTLA4;CD28;rabbit
0引言
角膜盲人在我国约有200~300万,已经成为第二大致盲原因[1],角膜移植是这部分患者复明的唯一手段。角膜移植是目前器官和组织移植成功率最高的手术,但术后的免疫排斥反应仍是手术失败的最主要原因[2,3],尤其在血管化、角膜严重感染或大植片移植术后,免疫排斥率高达60%[4]。现在应用于临床一线的免疫抑制药物大多数为非特异性免疫抑制药物,并不能诱导移植物特异性的免疫耐受。所以,寻找稳定、有效、副作用小的特异性免疫抑制剂和联合用药方案仍是角膜移植研究的主要方向。阻断CD28/B7共刺激通路是一个较为理想的无角膜毒性的特异性免疫抑制方案[5]。实验证明使用CTLA4Ig在啮齿类动物中可阻止T细胞增殖,防止排斥反应的发生[6,7]。我们拟在兔高危及非高危角膜移植排斥反应中应用CTLA4Ig,探讨CTLA4Ig抑制高危角膜移植排斥反应的效应,提高高危角膜移植的成功率。
1.材料和方法
1.1材料 新西兰大白兔65只,体质量2.0~2.5kg, 8~12wk,雌雄不限,购自中国医科大学实验动物中心。成功制作非高危角膜移植受体动物模型20只,成功做高危角膜移植受体模型25只,其余20只兔作为供体。
1.2方法
选择大于3个象限,新生血管长入距角膜中央7mm的20只兔作为高危即新生血管模型实验组[8]。分别将新生血管化模型组及非新生血管化组随机分成:空白对照组(空白保存液)、实验组(浸入含有CTLA4Ig 10mg/L保存液4℃孵育18h)。25只兔右眼角膜3个象限分别间断缝合一针(50丝线),跨距5mm,深达2/3角膜基质层,2wk新生血管长入角膜后拆线。其余20只健康新西兰白兔右眼作为供体。穿透性角膜移植在角膜缝线拆除2~4d之间进行,氯胺酮(50mg/kg)和氯丙嗪(10mg/kg)混合im全身麻醉,选择20只新生血管化模型组及20只健康兔行穿透性角膜移植术,植片与植床直径分别为7.5mm和7.0mm,100尼龙线间断缝合12针至水密状态,平衡盐溶液形成前房。对植片混浊,水肿,新生血管生长进行观察2~3次/wk。记录排斥指数(rejection index, RI),角膜混浊,水肿,新生血管评分合计[9]:应用双盲法裂隙灯显微镜检查植片情况连续检测100d(在临床医学上,移植物生存超过100d视为长期存活),具体评分标准如下:角膜混浊:0分,角膜透明;1分,角膜轻度混浊;2分,角膜混浊加重,前房结构依然清楚;3分,角膜明显混浊,前房结构模糊不清;4分,角膜白色混浊,前房不入。角膜水肿:0分,角膜无水肿;1分,角膜基质轻度增厚;2分,角膜基质弥漫水肿;3分,2分伴上皮下微小水泡;4分,大泡性角膜病变。角膜新生血管:0分,植片无新生血管;1分,新生血管长入植片1个象限;2分,新生血管长入植片2个象限;3分,新生血管长入植片3个象限;4分,新生血管长入植片4个象限。RI达到或超过6分判定为免疫排斥反应。发生排斥反应时或移植术后4wk切取1/2角膜植片,40g/L甲醛固定,HE染色原位杂交判定结果。 统计学分析:所用数据以±s表示,采取方差分析q检验。P<0.05为有统计学意义,所有数据均由SPSS 11.5软件处理。
2结果 新西兰白兔25只进行角膜新生血管化模型制作,其中20只兔成功诱导角膜新生血管化并作为受体进行PKP术;另5只兔因发生感染或未达到模型要求而被淘汰。对照组和实验各组的植片排斥时间或平均植片存活时间上无统计学意义。超过半数植片(16/30,53%)存活时间超过100d(图1)。在新生血管化角膜移植组:实验组孵育于CTLA4Ig 10mg/L的植片有较长的生存时间(图2)。移植术后4wk或排斥反应发生时,对照组角膜植片水肿,可见新生血管长入,角膜基质中有大量的炎性细胞浸润,以单核和淋巴细胞为主,实验组未见明显的炎性细胞浸润。移植术后4wk或排斥反应发生时,对照组角膜植片上皮下基质层浸润细胞有明显的TNF mRNA的表达,CTLA4Ig 10mg/L实验组未见TNF mRNA表达。
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