昆明市婴幼儿眼散光状态的调查研究
眼视光学杂志 2000年第2期第2卷 论著
作者：李丽红 郝玉星 郭智一 马艳玲
单位：云南省昆明市儿童医院眼科，云南 昆明 650034
关键词：婴幼儿；散光；发生；弱视；预防和控制；弱视；治疗
［摘 要］ 目的:调查和了解婴幼儿眼散光状态，以利于正确测定及合理矫正婴幼儿散光，尽早治疗和预防弱视。
方法:用托品酰胺眼液麻痹睫状肌后，对1146名1月～3岁婴幼儿的2291眼进行视网膜检影验光，并对其中的560眼散光进行统计学分析。
结果:散光303例560眼，占24.44%；其中混合散光25眼，占1.09%；＞1.00D的散光为13.75%，最大散光度4.00D，92.78%为顺规散光。
结论：昆明市婴幼儿眼散光率24.22%，以1.00D以下的轻度散光为主。随年龄增长，散光逐渐减少，散光度逐渐减低。因此，实际矫治时可根据其年龄和屈光度适当减0.25～0.50D，以利于其正视化发育过程。
［中图分类号］ R778.1+3 ［文献标识码］ B
［文章编号］ 1008-1801(2000)02-0112-02
Research of infant astigmatism in Kunming municipality
LI Li-hong
（Department of Ophthalmology,Kunming Children's Hospital,Kunming 650034）
HAO Yu-xing
（Department of Ophthalmology,Kunming Children's Hospital,Kunming 650034）
GUO Zhi-yi
（Department of Ophthalmology,Kunming Children's Hospital,Kunming 650034）
Abstract： Objective：To research infant astigmatism in mass screening refraction,detecting and correcting properly infant astigmatism for the treatment and prevention of amblyopia as early as possible.Methods：The visual acuity of 1146 children(2291 eyes,1 month～3 years) were determined with retinoscopy after tropicamide cycloplegia.Results：The results of statistics show that 560 eyes(24.44%) had astigmatism and 25 eyes(1.09%) had mixed astigmatism,the grade of 13.75% astigmatism were more than 1.00D,the maxium grade of astigmatism were 4.00D,and 92.78 were direct astigmatism.Conclusion：The morbidity of astigmatism among infant in Kunming municipality were 24.44%,and most of them were low grade(＜1.00D).The morbidity of astigmatism among infant in Kunming municipality were 24.44%,and most of them were low grade(＜1.00D).The astigmatism and the grade of astigmatism decreased with age increase.We think that the 0.25～0.50D of astigmatism should be reduced depend up the age and the dioptry for their emmetropization.
Key words： infant; refraction/ocurrence; amblyopia/prevention control; amblyopia/therapy
散光是眼屈光不正的重要组成部分，早期发现、正确测定及合理矫正散光，是预防和治疗弱视的关键。为了解我市婴幼儿眼散光状态的分布情况，现将1146例婴幼儿屈光普查中的303例(560眼)散光进行统计分析并报告如下。
1 对象和方法
1.1 对象 在婴幼儿屈光普查中，随机整群检查了昆明市8所幼儿园的24个小小班及门诊健康体检婴幼儿，共1146人，2291眼；男616人，1231眼；女530人，1060眼。其中幼儿园受检968人，实查912人，受检率94.12%，体检286人，实查234人，受检率81.82%。
1.2 方法 受检儿童先进行健康体检无异常，并行眼位及眼部常规检查，然后由眼科护士用0.5%的托品酰胺眼液滴眼，5分钟一次，共6次，半小时后在暗室内用带状光检影镜检影验光，验光操作由2名高年资验光师及2名眼科副主任医师进行，均采用球镜1m检影。
1.3 评价标准［1］ 按等效球镜值计算，屈光度≥+0.50D为远视眼，≥-0.25D为近视眼，≥0.50DC为散光；顺规散光：负柱×(180°±20°)，正柱×(90°±20°)，逆规散光：负柱×(90°±20°)，正柱×(180°±20°)，对称散光：两眼柱镜轴相加等于(180°±10°)，不对称散光：两眼柱镜轴相加不等于(180°±10°)；两眼屈光度相差，球镜≥1.50D或柱镜≥1.00D为屈光参差。
1.4 数据处理 采用《中国医学百科全书*医学统计学》统计软件包Pems 2.1及卡方检验进行统计分析。
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