温州市区小学生弱视的筛选及屈光状态分析
眼视光学杂志 2000年第2期第2卷 斜视与弱视
作者:王钢 陶明春 叶彩华 陈常乐 何涛 林海 温泉
单位:温州市第二人民医院眼科,浙江 温州 325000
关键词:小学生;弱视;筛选;屈光不正
[摘 要] 目的:研究弱视在小学生中的发病率、屈光状态分布和主要影响因素。
方法:在全市视力不良的小学生中,用列镜筛选,再用扩瞳检影验光进行屈光测定,选择矫正视力≤4.9;眼科检查无器质性病变的弱视患者,分别检查注视性质、眼位、单视功能及询问填写调查表。并分别作统计学处理。
结果:在受检63690眼中,确诊弱视1205人,2266只眼,患病率为3.78%;以屈光不正弱视为主,其中远视性弱视最高。弱视程度与屈光度、注视性质密切有关;其发生有多种因素。
结论:弱视是一种严重影响儿童视功能发育的眼病,屈光不正是造成弱视的主要病因,强调早发现、早治疗有重要的意义,建议在新生入学时即进行弱视筛选及防治。
[中图分类号] R777.4+4;R770.42 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1008-1801(2000)02-0092-02
Screening of amblyopia and analysis of refraction condition of the pupils in Wenzhou
WANG Gang(Department of Ophthalmology, Wenzhou People's No.2 Hospital, Wenzhou 325000)
tAO Ming-chun(Department of Ophthalmology, Wenzhou People's No.2 Hospital, Wenzhou 325000)
yIE Cai-hua(Department of Ophthalmology, Wenzhou People's No.2 Hospital, Wenzhou 325000)
Abstract: Objective:To investigate the prevalence of amblyopia, refraction distribution and major related factors among pupils in Wenzhou.Methods:63690 pupils eyes were included for regular eye exam. Cycloplegic refraction were performed. The corrected visual acuity was <4.9 without organic diseases were dignosised as amblyopia eyes. Using questionnaire to record eye position, fixation of eye and reading habit.Results:Amblyopia were confirmed in 1205 pupils (2266 eyes) from 63690 examed eyes. The incidence was 3.78%. Most of which were ametropic amblyopia , especially hypermetropia amblyopia . The degree of amblyopia was closely associated with refractive status, and many other factors had been related to the development of amblyopia.Conclusion:Amblyopia is high prevalence among pupils. Ametropia is the main cause. It is suggested that regular screening for amblyopia in registered pupils is essential for early prevention and correction.
Key words: pupil; amblyopia; screening; refractive errors
弱视是严重损害儿童视功能的一种常见病,直接影响儿童的视觉发育。早期发现、及时合理的治疗极为重要[1]。因此,我们在开展温州市区小学生视力不良三年监测的同时,进行了弱视筛选和屈光检查。现将结果报告如下。
1 对象和方法
1.1 对象 温州市区在册1~6年级小学生共31847人,共有63690只受检眼作为筛选对象。
1.2 方法 筛选方法见文献[2]。凡矫正远视力<4.9者为弱视可疑对象,均在寒暑假点1%阿托品眼膏三天,充分散瞳后复验。并分别查注视性质、眼位、单视功能。
1.3 弱视的诊断、程度标准[3] 凡眼部无明显器质性病变,以功能性因素为主所引起的远视力<4.9,且不能矫正者,均列为弱视。程度:轻度弱视:矫正视力4.9~4.8;中度弱视:矫正视力为4.7~4.3;重度弱视:矫正视力为≤4.0。
1.4 屈光不正分类 见文献[2]。
1.5 资料统计 检查记录以眼为单位,结果经Epi-info V.5.01统计软件包,用χ2检验作统计学处理。
2 结果
2.1 弱视患病率 在校小学生共31847人,受检眼63690眼,共确诊弱视1205人2266眼。弱视患病率为3.78%(1205/31847)。其中男生537人1226眼,占1.69%(537/31847);女生668人1240眼,占2.10%(668/31847)。男、女患病率差异有非常显著性意义(χ2=14.52,P<0.001)。
2.2 弱视小学生年级分布 见表1。
2.3 弱视小学生屈光状态分布 见表2。
2.4 弱视程度、注视性质与屈光度关系 见表3
注:弱视随年龄增大而明显减少,经卡方检验相邻各年级比较P均<0.001。
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