作者:张 娇,王又东,张劲松 作者单位:(110001)中国辽宁省沈阳市,中国医科大学附属第四医院眼科
【摘要】 目的:建立兔角膜移植高危模型,通过联合阻断CD28和ICOS,探讨CTLA4-Ig及ICOSmAb对角膜移植排斥反应的影响。方法:实验动物随机分成4组,每组10只。联合阻断组:植片为浸入含有CTLA4-Ig和ICOSmAb的中期保存液中。ICOS组:植片为浸入含有ICOSmAb的中期保存液中。CTLA4组:植片为浸入含有CTLA-4Ig的中期保存液中。对照组:单纯角膜移植,不做CTLA-4Ig和ICOSmAb处理组。观察术后受体植片角膜混浊情况和植片病理改变,RT-PCR方法检测植片IL-2,IL-10mRNA的表达情况,应用流式细胞仪检测植片CD4+,CD8+T淋巴细胞表达情况。结果:联合阻断组兔角膜移植片存活时间(92±18)d,较其它3组明显延长(P <0.05);术后21d联合阻断组移植物中IL-2mRNA表达明显降低(P <0.05),CD4+,CD8+T淋巴细胞表达明显降低(P <0.05);植片组织病理学检查淋巴细胞浸润较其它3组明显减少。结论:应用CTLA4-Ig和ICOSmAb联合阻断CD28和ICOS,可以明显抑制高危角膜移植排斥反应,提高移植的存活率。
【关键词】 角膜移植;CTLA4;ICOS
Simultaneous blockade of inducible co-stimulator and CD28 pathway on prevention of rabbit corneal allografts rejection
Jiao Zhang, You-Dong Wang, Jin-Song Zhang
Department of Ophthalmology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
Abstract AIM: To study the effects of co-stimulatory blockade with anti-inducible co-stimulator antibody in conjunction with CTLA4-Ig on prevention of rabbit corneal allograft rejection. METHODS: Experimental animals were divided into 4 groups in random, 10 rabbits for each group. The group of dealing with CTLA4-Ig and ICOSmAb, donor corneal preserved in Optisol with CTLA4-Ig and ICOSmAb; the group of dealing with ICOSmAb, donor corneal preserved in Optisol with ICOSmAb; the group of dealing with CTLA4-Ig, donor corneal preserved in Optisol with CTLA4-Ig; Control group: simple corneal transplantation, not with CTLA4-Ig and ICOSmAb. Evaluate the degree of corneal opacity and the change on histology. The expression of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell was detected by flow cytometry. The expression of IL-2 and IL-10mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS: Compared with others, survival time of CTLA4-Ig and ICOSmAb group(92±18)d was obviously prolonged, and IL-2mRNA expression was obviously difference(P<0.05), the numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell was obvious down-regulation on the day 21 after transplantation, the number of lymphocyte decreased in the group of dealing with CTLA4-Ig and ICOSmAb viewing through histology examination. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that the blockade of co-stimulatory signals with ICOSmAb in conjunction with CTLA4-Ig has a favorable effect to restrain the rejection of corneal transplantation.
· KEYWORDS: corneal transplantation; rejection; CTLA4 ; ICOS
0引言
高危型角膜移植存活率不高,主要原因是移植术后各类排斥反应[1]。研究表明CTLA4-Ig [2]和一种新的共同刺激分子-ICOS [3](inducible co-stimulater)在移植排斥中发挥重要的作用。我们在兔高危角膜移植模型基础上,通过联合阻断CD28和ICOS,研究CTLA-4Ig及ICOSmAb对角膜移植排斥反应的抑制作用,为其应用于临床提供可供选择的免疫抑制治疗方案。
1材料和方法
1.1材料 新西兰白兔65只,2.0~2.5kg,8~12周龄,雌雄不限,购自中国医科大学实验动物中心。 其中45只兔制作高危角膜移植受体动物模型,其余20只兔作为供体。随机分成4组,每组10只。联合阻断组:植片为浸入含有CTLA-4Ig(1mg/L)和ICOSmAb的中期保存液中。ICOS组:植片为浸入含有ICOSmAb的中期保存液中。CTLA4组:植片为浸入含有CTLA-4Ig的中期保存液中。对照组:单纯角膜移植,不做CTLA-4Ig和ICOSmAb处理组。
1.2方法 兔高危角膜移植受体模型:右眼角膜4个象限分别间断缝合1针(5-0丝线),跨距2mm,深达2/3角膜基质层,2wk新生血管长入角膜后拆线。其余20只作为供体。选择[4]大于3个象限,新生血管长入角膜3mm的40只兔在角膜缝线拆除3~6d之间进行穿透性角膜移植术,氯胺酮(50mg/kg)和氯丙嗪(10mg/kg)混合im全身麻醉,角膜新生血管化兔作为受体行同种异体穿透性角膜移植,植片与植床直径分别为7.5和7.0mm,10-0尼龙线间断缝合12针至水密状态,平衡盐溶液形成前房。4组行角膜移植后2wk内隔日,又每周2次对植片混浊,水肿,新生血管生长进行观察。记录排斥指数(rejection index RI,角膜混浊,水肿,新生血管评分合计)[4]:应用双盲法裂隙灯显微镜检查植片情况连续检测100d(在临床医学上,移植物生存超过100d视为长期存活),具体评分标准如下:角膜混浊:0分,角膜透明:1分,角膜轻度混浊;2分,角膜混浊加重,前房结构依然清楚;3分,角膜混浊明显混浊,前房结构模糊不清;4分,角膜白色混浊,前房不入。角膜水肿:0分,角膜无水肿;1分,角膜基质轻度增厚;2分,角膜基质弥漫水肿;3分,2分伴上皮下微小水泡;4分,大泡性角膜病变。角膜新生血管:0分,植片无新生血管;1分,新生血管长入植片1个象限;2分,新生血管长入植片2个象限;3分,新生血管长入植片3个象限;4分,新生血管长入植片4个象限。RI达到或超过6分判定为免疫排斥反应。
1.2.1角膜植片组织IL-2, IL-10mRNA的表达 各组排斥反应发生时或术后21d行RT-PCR检查。在无菌条件下取出移植物角膜按Trizol试剂盒(上海生工)提取总RNA,逆转录酶作用下RT-PCR反应合成cDNA,PCR反应体系为50μL,IL-2引物:5′-CAA AGG AAA CAC AGC AGC ACC TGG-3′,3′-TCC TCA GAA ATT CCA CAG TTG C-5′,342bp;IL-10引物:5′-TTA AGG GTT ACT TGG GTT-3′,3′-TTG CTT TTA TTC TCA CAG G-5′,190bp;β-actin引物:5′-TAC AAT GAG CTG CGT GT-3′,3′-AGA TGG GCA CAG TGT GCC-5′,226bp。PCR反应条件:94℃预变性5min,94℃变性45s,56~58℃退火1min(IL-2 56℃,1L-10 57℃,β-actin 58℃),72℃延伸1min,循环35次,最后一个循环72℃延伸8min;琼脂糖凝胶电泳,EB染色,紫外灯下观察结果,用UVP凝胶图象扫描系统进行密度扫描,以目的基因扩增量/β-actin基因扩增量表示所要检测基因的表达量。
1.2.2 T淋巴细胞亚群的表达 应用流式细胞仪检测移植术后21d实验各组CD4+和CD8+T淋巴细胞的表达。重复管里加入PE-CY5-anti-CD3抗体、FITC-anti-CD4mAb和PE-anti-CD8mAb,对照管里加入PE -Ig,进行免疫标记反应。4℃作用30min,离心(1 000r/min,5min),弃上清液,沉淀中加入5mL的PBS液,离心( 1 000r/min,5min),重复洗涤1次,然后流式细胞仪中进行检测。
1.2.3 组织病理学检查 发生排斥反应时或术后21d分别切取受者角膜,40g/L甲醛固定,常规石蜡包埋,连续切片,HE染色,镜下观察。
统计学处理: 所用数据均经SPSS11.5处理,以均数±标准差表示,采用方差分析q检验,采用Kruskal-Wallis test,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
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