【摘要】 目的:探讨原发性开角型青光眼(青风内障)中医辨证分型与视网膜神经纤维层厚度的改变及视野损害之间关系的临床研究。方法:对72例144眼原发性开角型青光眼患者,采用光学相干断层成像术对144眼作围绕视盘3.4mm的环形扫描,记录各个象限视网膜神经纤维层厚度,并采用进口Humphry视野分析仪作中30°全定量视野检测检查,同时根据中医理论对患者作中医辨证分型,观察二者之间的关系。结果:中医的证型与视网膜神经纤维层厚度改变类型有统计学意义,中医证型与视野损害的类型有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:视神经损害较严重多见于青风内障的虚证,视神经损害早期多见于实证,因此视神经损害的程度在一定的程度上给予中医辨证治疗一定的指导作用。
【关键词】 原发性开角型青光眼;视网膜神经纤维层;视野;中医辨证分型
Relationship between the thickness change of retinal nerve fiber layer and visual field damage in the primary open angle glaucoma for the syndrome differentiation of TCM
Qing Chen, HongBo Cheng, Ping Zeng, Jun Liu,Chong Wen, YingYing Zheng
1Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, Hubei Province, China;2Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen 518040, Guangdong Province, China
AbstractAIM: To investigate the relationship between the thickness change of retinal nerve fiber layer and visual field damage in the primary open angle glaucoma (bluish glaucoma) for the syndrome differentiation of TCM.METHODS: Seventytwo patients (144 eyes) of primary open angle glaucoma underwent optical coherence tomography for a 3.4mm ring around the optic disc. Each quadrant retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was recorded, and imported Humphry vision analyzer was used for quantification in the whole field of vision 30° test checks. Traditional Chinese medicine was applied on the patients with TCM theory. The relationship between the two was observed.
RESULTS: TCM syndrome and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness changes had statistical significance, TCM syndrome type and the type of visual field damage was statistically significant (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The optic nerve damage is more common in the deficiency within the blue wind, optic nerve damage were seen in the early period. Therefore, the extent of optic nerve damage to a certain extent gives a certain degree of guidance in TCM treatment.
KEYWORDS: primary open angle glaucoma; retinal nerve fiber layer; visual field; the syndrome differentiation of TCM
0引言
原发性开角型青光眼(primary open angle glaucoma,POAG)是一种慢性进行性前部视神经病变,伴有典型的视乳头凹陷、视神经萎缩及视野缺损,房角开放的一类青光眼[1]。是一类因视神经损害而致盲的常见眼病,视网膜神经纤维层的厚度减少及视野丢失是视神经损害的重要临床特征,也是视神经损害的重要指标。200802/200911对一组POAG患者的视网膜神经纤维层(retinal nerve fiber layer, RNFL)的厚度及视野损害与中医不同类型之间的关系进行观察分析,探讨POAG中医不同分型视神经改变的规律。
1对象和方法
1.1对象
观察200802/200911深圳市眼科医院眼科诊断为原发性开角型青光眼并符合纳入及排除标准的门诊患者72例144眼,其中男40例,女32例;年龄26~69岁,病程30d~ 6a。未扩瞳状态下屈光间质透明。屈光度≤±6.00DC,除外其他眼底疾病,矫正视力≥0.5。诊断标准参照中华医学会眼科学会青光眼学组1987年拟定的原发性开角型青光眼的诊断标准:眼压>2.7kPa(21mmHg);具有青光眼视乳头改变和(或)视网膜视神经纤维层缺损;具有青光眼性视野缺损;前房角开放。具有以上4项,或具有1,4项与2或3者,诊断为原发性开角型青光眼。病例排除标准:经检查为原发性闭角型青光眼、高眼压症、继发性青光眼、先天性青光眼或混合型青光眼患者;年龄>69岁;妊娠期或哺乳期妇女;合并有其他全身系统严重疾患,特别是心脏病;精神病患者或检查欠合作者;资料收集不全或无法明确判断中医证型者。表1 中医病症与视网膜神经纤维层改变之间的关系眼(略)表2 中医实证、虚实夹杂、实证原发性开角型青光眼患者RNFL厚度比较(略)表3 中医证型与视野特征性改变的关系眼(略)
1.2方法
采用眼光学相干断层成像Stratus OCT (software version 3.0; Carl Zeiss Meditec)对72例144眼原发性开角型青光眼患者作围绕视盘3.4mm的环形扫描,做平均视网膜神经纤维层厚度(双眼)分析[2],检查结果自动打印。采用 Humphrey 750全自动视野计 (Allergan.Humphrey Ine,San Leandro,CA)进行视野检查,作中心30°全定量视野检测,检查结果自动打印灰度图灰度图显示视野形态学改变的类型。诊断标准:全部病例经眼部检查,包括视力、矫正视力、眼压、眼底、前房角等。所有患者参照以下中医证候分型,归属为其中一型。中医证侯诊断标准[3]:(1)气郁化火证:主证:头目胀痛,情志抑郁或急躁易怒,胸闷食少,神疲乏力,胁胀不适,心烦,舌红苔黄,脉弦或弦数。次证:口苦,咽干,大便不畅,小便短赤。(2)痰湿泛目证:主证:头眩目痛,头身困重,食少纳呆,舌淡或淡胖有齿痕,苔白腻,脉滑。次证:痰多,胸闷,恶心欲呕,口苦,大便澹而不爽。(3)阴虚阳亢证:主证:劳倦后眼症加重,头痛目胀,瞳神略有散大,视物昏蒙,心烦面赤;舌红少苔,脉弦细。次证:头眩,口苦,大便干结。(4)肝肾亏虚证:主证:患病时久,瞳神渐散,中心视力日减,视野明显缩窄,眼珠胀硬,眼底视盘色苍白,凹陷扩大加深,兼见头晕耳鸣,失眠健忘,腰膝酸软,舌淡脉细,或面白冷,精神倦怠,夜间多尿,舌淡苔白,脉沉细。次证:乏力,大便干结或搪,口干。证型判定:具有≥3主症及≥2次症即可判该证型,气将郁化火证、痰湿泛目等纳入实证,阴虚阳亢为虚实夹杂证,肝肾亏虚为实证。正常者RNFL厚度标准:颞侧:90.1±10.8,上方:140.4±10.5,鼻侧:85.2±14.0,下方140.4±6.0,平均 114.2±6.0[2]。
统计学分析:采用 SPSS 13.0统计软件进行方差分析,计数资料以“均数±标准差”表示,使用χ2检验;多组间比较采用单因素方差分析;计量资料使用t检验或非参数检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
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